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Definition
| Ethos is the credibility of a speaker or writer; the greater his/her credibility the more he/she is trustworthy. |
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| Appeal to Authority or Religion |
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Definition
| (type of Ethos)is when the speaker or writer is an authority on the topic being covered. |
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| (type of Ethos)Allusion – making a reference to the past history or previous literature add credibility to the argument of the speaker. Referring to ancient Greeks embraces the intellect that came before. |
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| (type of Ethos)Pedantry – Overuse of knowledge to make the audience believe that the writer/speaker is highly knowledgeable even if it doesn’t make sense. The audience believes the writer/speaker knows more about the topic and therefore must be right |
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| (Related to Pathos)Appeal to Emotion – Seeks to win arguments by creating predictable emotional responses. Sometime winning the arguments is a logical fallacy. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Allegory - a story is used as a metaphor. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Analogy/comparison – an alternate way of referencing a more abstract or complex idea. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Euphemism – language that is sugar coated to sound left offensive. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Rhetorical Questions – Questions used to stir up emotional response not collect information. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Inferential Thinking – Drawing a conclusion based on what you know. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Logical fallacies – When information is misused to draw conclusions. |
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Term
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| (Related to Pathos)Syllogism – Has 3 logical parts to the argument: A Major Premise, a Minor Premise and a Conclusion. Example: if a=b and b=c, then a=c. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Undistributed Middle – Part of the syllogism is left out or “some” or “all ‘ is misused to distort the logic. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Related to Pathos)Non Sequitur – An incorrect conclusion is made from premises. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Denying the antecedent - A type of non sequitur in which the Major Premise is not related to the Minor Premise. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Deductive Reasoning – Using a body of evidence to prove a point. |
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| (Related to Pathos)Inductive Reasoning – Using the evidence from an individual example and applying it to a broader general world situation. |
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Term
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| (Related to Pathos)Concession/Refutation – Strategies used together to win an argument. First acknowledge your opponent is correct on some |
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| Related to Pathos)Paradox - A contradiction which sometimes confuses us. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Related to Pathos)Oxymoron – A contradiction in words only used for effect. |
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