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Definition
| a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving |
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Term
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Definition
social
political
economic
religious
military
intellectual/ cultural |
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Term
| Pre-Scientific Revolution Ideas |
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Definition
no precise reasoning
Socrates
Religion- major
goal- not to create modern science, but ask fundamental questions regarding nature of the universe, it's purpose, functions |
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Definition
physicist
motionless Earth surrounded by crystal spheres
uniform force- move
take force away- stop
ideas fit into Christian ideas |
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Definition
earth isn't the center of the universe
Polish |
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Term
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Definition
1. Earth's rotations makes the stars appear to be moving (proved crystal spheres wrong)
2. universe of staggering size
3. Earth affects planets (proved Aristoleian physics wrong)
sharp religious attacks |
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Definition
Danish
saw the planets revolved around the sun and the Earth-moon system through his observatory
held back by limited mathematical skills
contributed lots of data |
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Definition
German
Brahe's assistant
believed universe formed by mathematical relationships and a "musical harmony of heavenly bodies"
3 laws of planetary motion |
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Term
| Three Laws of Planetary Motion |
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Definition
1. Planet's orbits are elliptical, not circular
2. Planets do not move at a unifrom speed within their orbits
3. the time it takes a planet to make a full orbit is related to its distance from the sun |
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Term
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Definition
Florentine
consolidated the experimental method
uniform force (gravity) produced uniform acceleration
law of inertia
saw 4 moons of jupiter
created telescope
published "Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the WOrld"
supported Copernicus theory |
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Definition
Galileo
rest is the natural state of an object, that object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force |
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Term
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Definition
French
Descartes- "Cogito ergo sum"- I think, therefore I am
formalized empirical method- empiricism |
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Term
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Definition
| specific facts to a general conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| General facts to a specific conclusion |
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Definition
very religious
came up with physics
English
wrote Principia
Newtonian Synthesis
Law of Universal Gravitation |
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Term
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Definition
| explanatory system to unify ideas |
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Term
| Law of Universal Gravitation |
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Definition
every body in the universe attracts every other body in a mathematical relationship
force of attraction is proportional to the amount of matter of the object and inversely proportional to the distance between the two |
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Term
| Causes of the Scientific Revolution |
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Definition
1. Medieval Institutions that environment where learning/challenging/questioning could happen
2. Rennaissance- people were discovered as they went back to decipher what God was really about in original texts, demand for knowledge grew
3. Sea voyages require better instruments and improved mathematics |
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Term
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Definition
scientific community- common interest social groups
science linked with the state
national academies set up
new way to obtain knowledge
women banished |
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Term
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Definition
| application of scientific principles to social issues |
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Term
| Four Core Principles of the Enlightenment |
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Definition
1. Reason
2. Skepticism
3. Tolerance
4. Progress |
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Term
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Definition
France
published Conversations of the Plurality of Worlds
conflict with religion
brought forth the question ideological conformity necessary? |
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Term
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Definition
French
concluded that nothing can ever be known beyond all doubt
skeptic |
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Definition
English
wrote- Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Second Treatise of Civil Government
all minds derived from experience
mind is a tabula rasa
gov for protection
natural state- free |
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Term
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Definition
human improvement wasn't a religious issue
mastering the natural world through science
made of upper middle class
wrote manuscripts, plays, dictionaries
wrote the Encyclopedia |
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Term
Denis Diderot
Jean le Rond d'Alembert |
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Definition
France
edited the encyclopedia |
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Term
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Definition
wrote the Parisian Letters- amusing satirical letter
proved one ruler (despotism) is a fail
separation of powers is necessary
also wrote- The Spirit of Laws |
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Term
| Voltaire (Fracois Marie Arouet) |
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Definition
French
radical reformer
mixed science with reason in hope for a strong monarchy, questioned the Church
believed in a distant God |
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Definition
English
men is naturally evil
monarchy necessary
king is above others
naturally- men at war
wrote the Levithan |
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Term
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Definition
racist
religious skeptic
built of Locke
thought the mind= impressions |
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Definition
Godmother of the Encyclopedia
opened a popular salon |
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Definition
opposite of Locke
argued that human nature was predetermined by genetics |
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Term
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Definition
French
influenced by Diderot and Voltaire
improve society, but get away from rationalism
outsider
believed in individual freedom
thought rationalism and civilization destroyed the individual
basic goodness needs to be protected
sexist
"Noble Savage" thinks savage societies have better virtue
wrote- The Social Contract based on general will and popular sovereignty |
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Term
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Definition
| a way to carry out the Noble Savage idea in society, not for best interest, but for future results |
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Definition
increase in art and science books
salons
increase in book production |
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Definition
| how people would react without government or rules |
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Term
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Definition
| God set up the earth, people on earth kept it working |
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