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Definition
| Given the thron in 1760 age 22, feared that the cost of the 30 years war would break English treasury, |
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Term
| John Stuart, The Earl of Bute |
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Definition
Not popular with the english population, encouraged the resignation of William Pitt who desired a
preemptive assault against Spain before they attacked, became englands first lord of treasury, resigned after the treaty of paris was signed |
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Definition
| banned all settlement of land west of Appalachians,set up gov’ts in Canada, Florida and other conquered areas, Settlement was encouraged in Nova Scotia, New England, Georgia, or Floida. This angered settlers very much |
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leader of Ottawa tribe, united natives from the Senecas, Mingoes, Delawares, Shawnees,
Wyandots, Miamis, and Ottawas,attacked and laid siege to13 British forts, Goal was to drive the Brits back to the eastern seaboard, Henry Bouquet commandert of Fort Pitt was ordered to give the
natives “small- pox-infested” blankets during peace talks |
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Term
| What were some ending results of Pontiac's War? |
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Definition
| Disease decimated the indians, the frontiers began to see the Natives as enemies & took it upon themselves to start killing off the natives themselves. Examples, The Paxton Boys of Pennsylvannia & the Shawnee masacre of Augusta County VA |
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Term
| What were the initial events that prompted the colonists' rebellion? |
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Definition
Proclamation of 1763 & During war, British laws ( writs of assistance ) allowed any colonial ship to be
searched to stop smuggling |
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Definition
a leading patriot and well known silversmith
had organized a group of riders to spread the news of the
Redcoat movement |
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| another messenger was detained by troops |
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Definition
was able to get through to Concord after
Revere was also detained by troops |
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Term
| When was the battle of Lexington & Concord |
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Definition
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Term
| Battle of Lexington & Concord |
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Definition
As approximately 700 Brits reached the Lexington Green they were met
by 60-70 minutemen, As the colonials were getting ready to withdraw Someone fired shot No
one sure which side was responsible for this “Shot heard ‘round the
world”,The minutemen withdrew after a short skirmish British fired into
retreating minutemen, British troops marched to concord had a minor skirmish, marched back toward boston to find 3-4 thousand minutemen waiting to slaughter them |
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Term
| Second Continental Congress |
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Definition
| Met on may 1775 in Philidelphia,decided to recognize colonial militia as Continental army, decided on george washington as commander for the army, congress also printed paper money, congress authorized an invasion into Canada to win over the french before the brits did led by Benedict Arnold & Richard Montgomery |
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| When was the battle of bunker Hill & what happened? |
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Definition
| June 17 1775. Right outside of boston near bunker hill, deadliest battle of the war, lead by Thomas Gage. |
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Term
| What were the results of Bunker Hill? |
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Definition
| Congress sent the King the Olive Branch Petition hoped to returned to harmony between the colonists & the crown, the King rejected the offer & ordered a blockade on the American Coast |
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Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
| Very weak document. It was a very loose confederation. The confederation had the power to declare war, make treaties, borrow money, and even make deals with Native Americas but could not tax. There was no regulation of interstate trade & no common currency throughout the colonies. There was also no judicial branch & a weak executive branch. If something was going to be changed it required all 13 states to say yes; if something were going to be added there was only need for 9 states to say yes. Federal gov’t could not tax the state, only the state gov’t should. |
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| Strengths & weaknesses of the articles of confederation |
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| Land Ordinance of 1785 granted us land. The land was supposed to be divided into townships , sections, and acres. There could be no fewer than 3 states made & no more than 5. Prohibited slavery & provided public education. Once they reached 60,000 they could apply for ‘state hood’,There was large debts because of the wars that that America had fought in. Farmers were failing because they could not pay taxes on their own & often turned to their state gov’t. Things got so bad that soldiers were threatening to over throw the government because they were not receiving their pensions. |
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Term
| “I have grown old in the service in the service of my country that I have started to go blind” |
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Term
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Definition
| n 1786 the state of Massachusetts raised their taxes to an all time high. Daniel Shay could not pay for his land & eventually lost it. Shay gathered men & started a protest in Springfield. |
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Definition
| Helped clear a path through the Cumberland Gap |
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Term
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Definition
| Sept. 1786. They were going to discuss problems of the gov’t, such as interstate commerce, but only 5 state delegates showed up. Agreed to meet the following spring, prompting the constitutional convention |
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Term
| Constituttional Convention |
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Definition
| Rhode Island denied the invitation but all the others accepted. 74 delegates, half were member of the continental congress, 8 had signed the declaration of independence, 22 served in the continental army, and 22 were from the elite class. All the meetings were declared secrets. James Madison took detailed notes on what went on. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legislative Branch. George Washington was chose as chairman. |
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Term
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Definition
| Introduced 2 days into the convention by Edmond Randolf but written byJames Madison prompting many debates between the delegates. Presented an idea for a bicameral gov’t. Lower house should be elected by the people, and then the lower house would elect the members of the upper house. The people did not have the right to vote for their representatives until 1913. Upper house & lower house should be chosen on population. The larger states were in favor of the Virginia plan. |
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Definition
| From NJ & introduce the NJ plan. Called for a unicameral gov’t and believed one state one vote. |
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Term
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Definition
| Suggested we go back to a monarchial gov’t. |
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Term
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Definition
| Great (Connecticut) Compromise – Similar to VA plan. Lower house was voted by the people & was based on population & the lower house elected the upper house & it was based on population. Southern states purposed a problem because of slavery. The south did not want to count the slaves as part of the population. Prompted the 3/5 Compromise that stated every black person in a state was worth 3/5 of a person. Used for tax purposes & population for the lower house. |
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Term
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Definition
| Executive Branch. Chief executive is commander in chief. Also makes sure that the legislation is carried out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Judicial Branch. Early on the Judicial branch was the weakest branch. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drafted the Bill of Rights. Since it was not changing anything the delegates decided there was only need for 9 states to ratify. |
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Term
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Definition
| John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Made the Federalist a collection of essays that was a compilation of why they thought this was going to work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Sam Adams |
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Term
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Definition
| James Madsion based this document on two documents Virdinia Dec. of rights Virginiana Statue for Religious Freedom |
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Definition
| December 1787 first state to to ratify |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Father of the Constitution”. Author of the bill of rights, Virginia plan. |
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Term
| What was post-1812 war like? |
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Definition
| Much of the war of 1812 had gone badly for the U.S although Jackson's victory in New Orleans helped. The treaty og ghent did not work in the U.S' favor either. Jefferson's "republican" views hindered the US during the war. After the war he had to borrow $18 million to finance the war thus prompting neccessary taxes |
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Term
| What was Madison plan for improvement? |
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Definition
| In 1816 he proposed a 3 catagory plan for improvement. Improved military- to include coastal fortification & enlargements in army & navy. Revised economic issues- resurection of the national bank, tax & tarriff structure, hoped to stimulate manufacturing and internal trade. Improvments to transportation- to be financed from the revenue from the bank |
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Term
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Definition
Many of the "old line" were horrified that the "revolution of the 1800" was unraveling,Those who had favored the war such as Henry Clay and John C.
Calhoun knew that some of the old-line Republican agenda needed
to be changed,Charter for the 2nd National Bank passed through the House with
the urging of Speaker of the House Henry Clay which was passed along with new taxes & tariffs, & the debate over the transportation bill lasted til 1817 |
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Term
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Definition
| The republican caucus wanted to choose a safe choice as a candidate so they chose James Monroe, who easily won. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st authorized in 1802, it was planned to connect the Potomac & Ohio rivers at Wheeling, WV. In 1818 the road finally reach Wheeling, even though the areas were connected it was still expensive to transport goods. |
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Term
| Who, when & where were the first to use steam power? |
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Definition
| John Finch in the 1700's in England |
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Term
| What happened August 1807? |
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Definition
| Robert Fulton launched his first model of the steam boat named the Clermont up the Hudson River. Made the trip from NYC to Albany in 32 hours. -- by 1820 there were 31 steam boats on the Mississippi & Ohio rivers. |
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Term
| What were the effects of the steam boat? |
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Definition
| Price of freight delivery went from $5 to $2 & within 20 years it was lowered to $.25 |
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Term
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Definition
| The govenor of NY, Dewitt Clinton, got state funding to connect the Hudson River at Albany to Buffalo on lake Erie, costing the state $7 million.It was revealed in 1825 It stretched 363 miles & was 4 feet deep & 40 feet wide contained a system with aquaducts and 83 lochs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freight took between Albany & Buffalo costed $100 per ton & could arrive in 15-45 days |
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Term
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Definition
| Took $6 per ton & only 9 days to deliver. Cities like Rochester & Sarycuse expanded because of the invention, generated $42 millions dollars in toll revenue in the next 60 years & they set an example for the rest of the states. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leading member of and African Methodist congregation that had seceded form the white Methodists. earned his freedom by winning a lottery and purchasing his freedom. In 1822 planned to take up the state armory and rebel. They’re plan was not successful and Gullah Jack, Vesey and 34 others were hanged. |
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Term
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Definition
| A black Baptist preacher who lead a revolt in Southampton County, VA killing 55 white men, women, and children in February 1831. Turner had done what others had not. He actually succeeded in killing a large number of white Southerners. The South responded by increasing slave patrols and tightening their ever more repressive slave codes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lead by a slave blacksmith from Richmond named Gabriel, he constructed a conspiracy to overthrow Virginia’s slave regimen. He gathered other artisan slaves like himself and planned to march and army of 1,000 on Richmond. On August 30, 1800 Gabriel recruited 150 soldiers agreed to gather near Richmond in support of his efforts. |
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Definition
| Invented the cotton gin in 1793 which allowed the slaves to clean the cotton much more efficiently thus making cotton the cash crop of the south. |
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Term
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Definition
| The nickname for the canal |
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Term
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Definition
| A system that slave owners used to assign daily tasks for slaves. If the tasks were not completed they would be punished and if the task was completed too early they would be assigned more work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lead by Martin Van Buren and pompted by the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the remaining 18,000 Cherokees in Georgia were marched to Oklahoma. 4,000 of then died from disease, starvation, and mistreatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. State has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. The theory is based on a view that the sovereign States formed the Union, and as creators of the compact hold final authority regarding the limits of the power of the central government. |
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Definition
| Jackson’s supporter who lead the Cherokees in the Trail of Tears. Broke away from the Whig party. |
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Term
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Definition
| Son of federalist president who switched from federalism to republicanism. Served as Monroe’s secretary of state, also gained the title as president of the united states after the controversial election of 1824 involving “a corrupt bargain”. As a president he was seen as aloof, aristocratic, and incapable of governing a democratic nation.He favored a bold economic role for the national government that was far ahead of public opinion. Like the Democratic-Republicans who preceded him in the Era of Good Feelings, Adams supported a federal role in economic development through the American System that was chiefly associated with Henry Clay. He vision of federal leadership was especially creative and included proposals for a publicly-funded national university and government investment in scientific research and exploration. |
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Term
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Definition
| An offer made by Henry Clay to Jackson and Adams, for promised presidency with the appointment of Clay to secretary of state. Jackson declined the request and Adams was elected as president and Clay became secretary of state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used by Jackson’s opponents for Jackson’s unofficial cabinet members. |
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Term
| Examine the impact of slavery and the cotton culture on southern economic development. |
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Definition
| Although slavery gave the south a negative image socially, slavery is what helped make the south prosper. They had all the right geographical features to grow cotton and with slave labor they were able to produce large amounts in a shorter amount of time, and time was money to the cash crop farmers of the south. |
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Term
| Examine the war between President Andrew Jackson and the Second Bank of the United States. |
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Definition
| Jackson believed that the Bank was too controlled by the government and threatened American liberties, he felt that the bank and concept of paper money was unconstitutional. Jackson went against supporters of the bank, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and Nicholas Biddle with his beliefs that the government wasted the money and put it in the pockets of rich gentlemen and not the working man. When his opponents sent for a recharter of the bill Jackson vetoed it. By his second term he swore he would destroy the bank, he rallied his supporters by voicing his parasitic view of the government. He felt as though they manipulated credit, prices, paper, money, and abused their power as the nation’s government. Jackson strategically withdrew money as needed and deposited money in designated state banks to evenly distribute the wealth. |
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Term
| What was the American System? Describe opponents and proponents of this system of national development. |
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Definition
| The American System supported high tariff to protect American industry and generate revenue for the federal gov’t, maintanence of high public land prices to gernerate federal revenue, preservation of the national bank to stabilize the currency, and the improvement of roads and canals that would knit the country together and produce revenue. |
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Term
| Describe the election of 1824. Why was it so controversial? |
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Definition
| The 1824 election was not only controversial due to “a corruption bargin” but also because of the candidates. Andrew Jackson was not a political icon, he was a woodsman known for his hot temper and violent ways. Jackson stole the public but because of the agreement made between Adams and Clay, Jackson was not appointed as president. |
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Term
| Describe the origin of the spoils system. Were the criticisms of Jackson's appointment policies justified? |
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Definition
| Jackson believed in rotation in office. He felt that when the politicians were “comfortable” they lost touch with the outside world. He thought that the clearing out of old office holders and replacing them with the supporters of the winning candidate would decrease corruption. I do believe the criticism was justified, he didn’t make the best example by appointing someone that would soon embezzle money. Diversity is key so continuing to replace officeholders with all like minded office holders seems like it would only cause more corruption because it would be easier and more tempting to pull string in your favor. |
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Term
| Examine the Missouri Compromise. What were the issues at stake, and how were they resolved? |
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Definition
| When westward expansion took they were unsure whether or not to make those states slave states. They came to the conclusion of making all the states north of the Missouri southern boundary free states. The system was never seen as a positive enforcement, it was lead to believe that this was the starting point of surfacing underlying issues that prompted the civil war. |
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Term
| Examine the ideals, policies, and consequences of the Bank War. |
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Definition
| Jackson felt as though the bank was a monopoly. It was privately run by a board of directors and Jackson didn’t feel that as the national bank that that was constitutionally correct. The bank was created to control inflation and was a depository for federal funds and paid national debts. The supporters of the bank were involved in industrial and commercial ventures. They wanted a strong currency and central control of the economy. The opponents, principally agrarians, were distrustful of the federal government. The critical question Jackson also ordered the federal government's deposits removed from the Bank of the United States and placed in state or “PET BANKS”. The people were with Jackson, and he was overwhelmingly elected to a second term. Biddle retaliated by making it more difficult for businesses and others to get the money they needed. This caused an economic contraction at the end of 1833 and into 1834. The bank charter expired in 1836. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the early republic that preceded the war, "republicanism" had been the guiding political value. Although an unquestioned assault on the aristocratic ideal of the colonial era, republicanism also included a deep fear of the threat to public order posed by the decline of traditional values of hierarchy and inequality. |
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Term
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Definition
| an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives, and he is renowned as being the "Father of Railways |
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Definition
| Phrase used to describe monroes presidency. After the 2nd national bank was chartered over 200 state banks were chartered. The financial state of the country was greatly improved and both federalists & republicans praised what a great country monroe had created. |
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Term
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Definition
| First commercial RR, surfaced July 1828. |
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Term
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Definition
| Newly supported democratic candidate, Jackson. During the election he criticized his oponent Adams for being involved with the "corruption bargin". Adams fired back with altercations from his past such as duels, tavern brawls & bigamy, they also made comments about his wife which Jackson believed caused her death shortly after the election. |
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Definition
Escaped” England claiming to be only a slave. He settled in Pawtucket, R.I. where he reconstructed the spinning
machines and set up a factory in an old mill. This first factory was not very profitable to the investors |
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Term
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Definition
developed a wood-fired steam engine to power the
new machines. Reduced the limitations on where factories could be built |
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Definition
| English inventor that had his inventions patented. |
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Term
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Definition
| visited English factories and recreated notes on what he learned, with financial backing he developed a profitable factory system in Waltham, Mass. It Organized every task in making a finished product from spinning fabric to the dying and finishing of it used water powered wheel as a source of power hired females aged 16-30 to work the factories he offered housing for the women enforced strict rules of behavior encouraged to improve education and attend lectures women would send $ home to their families with the success of these |
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Term
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Definition
Brits had been buying cotton since the mid-18th c the only cotton that was profitable was the long fiber variety it was not hardy, could only grow in the sea islands off the
coast of S.C. and Ga. Short fiber variety was hardy it had seeds that needed to be removed took 1 day for a slave to clean 1 pound of cotton |
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Term
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Definition
was the 1st person to name the programs to which Madison had started revival of the National Bank:Improved transportation, Tariffs, Proved to be more shift in the Republican ideals. The main Ideas were to: Transportation network to make the United States economically independent of Europe & geographically interdependent within itself the bank would create a common currency & create stability in financial matters.
Tariffs would encourage the building the factories in the Northeast would supply manufactured goods to the west and the south |
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Term
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Definition
| was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.[2] The case was argued by some of America's most admired and capable attorneys at the time. Exiled Irish patriot Thomas Addis Emmet and Thomas J. Oakley argued for Ogden, while William Wirt and Daniel Webster argued for Gibbons. |
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Term
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Definition
Developed northern border with Canada worked to demilitarize the Great Lakes Region
joint occupation of Oregon |
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Term
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Definition
| Procured Florida for the U.S.Defined U.S. –Spanish territory in the west |
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Term
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Definition
Democratic Republicans nominated William H. Crawford ,
Monroe’s Secretary of War. Few people showed up at the caucus and therefore
he was nominated by default |
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Term
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Definition
| Violent, hot tempered lawyer, formed as a member of the House, & fought in many Indian wars. He led an unauthorized raid on the spanish in florida & after was named the first govenor of florida when it became US territory. He also ran into problems in his marraige with his wife's first wife's husband. Lost the election of 1824 because of the "corruption bargin" but came back to win the election of 1828 as a democratic candidate by a landslide |
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Term
| Indian removal act of 1830 |
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Definition
Jackson had a longtime hatred towards Indians Few native Americans were left east of the Appalachians by the time Jackson took office. He urged the passing of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 he claimed that he could help “protect” the natives from state governments if they moved to federal reservation
Property ultimately led to the Trail of Tears during Martin Van
Buren’s presidency 18,000 Cherokees were forcibly marched to Oklahoma
4,000 died on the way |
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Term
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Definition
| He took w’drawls from the bank as they were needed and then placed them in state banks These banks became known as pet banks By law, these w’drawls could only be made by the Sec. of the treasury He transferred on secretary and then fired a2nd because they both |
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Term
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Definition
| He then appointed Roger B. Taney as the sec. of Treasury Taney would then be appointed as the hief justice at the death of John Marshall |
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Term
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Definition
Conflict of some of Jackson’s questionable actions united
some of his political enemies developed into the Whig PartyNamed from the English political party that emerged during the English Civil WarThe Whigs were concerned over Jackson’s overuse of veto power Henry Clay led a movement to issue a censure against the President Many people became concerned that Andrew Jackson was
becoming too powerful “King Andrew”. In his farewell address he spoke out against the revival of the bank and the continued growth of the monetarily privileged, as well as the over speculation based on paper wealth |
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Term
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Definition
| Nick name Andrew Jackson got because the public believed he had too much power |
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