Term
|
Definition
| Created during the first settlements in the US as a way for people to invest. Had a profit motive for people as they sent money back home to England |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3rd winter in Jamestown. Ran out of supplies and failed to trade. People ate anything they could find. Too interested in Gold and Silver and didnt plan for their general interests. |
|
|
Term
| Massachusetts Bay Company |
|
Definition
| initially set up as a fishing company. Puritans invested heavily and would take over the company. A joint stock company. Profit was not the motive, but it gave them more political control because the company had been given a grant. Fueled the puritan migrations of the 1630s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New York Founded under a Dutch company, Henry Hudson sailed there who was English but he sailed under the Dutch flag for the Dutch trading company and founded New Netherland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People opposed James II and they wanted William III to take over. Colonist appointed Jacob Leisler as the colony leader. He was of German decent but married into a Dutch family. Dutch outnumbered English, but he wanted it to remain in English hands. Wealthy people oppose him and refused his authority until he sent militia to gain control. William III then arrives and charges him with treason and hangs him. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Established Pennsylvania after being given a grant. He was from a powerful Christian family but he converted like many Quakers. The land became a haven for fellow Quakers. Penn supported a much broader religious toleration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protestants expelled from France by Louis XIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Colonies shouldn’t trade with other countries, only the mother country and to give them the base goods. Acquire raw materials and send them to Britain and then they would use the product to make something and they would send it back to the colonies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passed for North American colonies. Goods had to be shipped on British ships back to Europe. This meant that the Empires main focus was on the Mother country and not in the best interest of the colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British Empires lack of interest in the Colonies |
|
|
Term
| Massachusetts Timber Dispute |
|
Definition
| Claim that all the Timber within the land belonged to those who occupied the land and not just anyone. Empire gave the right for the people to decide on certain disputes in their own courts and the laws under that, but they would just change laws to fit their needs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Importance of Algonquian alliances to the French. Iroquois remained neutral for the most part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Battle for access to North East by French and a major outpost. Displayed independence of action of colonist from Britain for a major fortress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Battle for this fort (In upstate New York) represents many problems that the British faced early in the war. British get beaten up on and get the fort prepared slowly. They were slow to get colonist enlistment and troops from down south. Frances Native American allies were controlling the lands around it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prime Minister in Britain in 1757. He gave people inspiration to join and fight to overtake the French. But he did so from over the Atlantic.He also changed the order of Rank to overall rank and not origin of military service and so the standing of the soldiers helped and gave them the motivation to fight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of 6 tribes (nations) in North East America (upstate New York). Reached agreement among themselves to obtain peace. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tribes or people retaliating other tribes for deaths of others. Wars escalated as people were dying from diseases. People dying prematurely in battle among other Native American tribes. |
|
|
Term
| Seal of Massachusetts Bay Company |
|
Definition
| Native American stating “Come over and help us”. Made in the 1620s. company affiliated with the people who came over in the mayflower. Making people think that the Natives needed help and need to be given religion and guidance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emerged from a small scale trade dispute. Men claimed a Native of not paying back debt and so they went and killed some of his men and then they retaliated and killed his servant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Placed restriction on trade and did not want Native Americans to acquire too much ammunition. |
|
|
Term
| Neolin and Pontiacs Rebellion |
|
Definition
| Neolin insisted that Natives should remain separate and disease and other things was a punishment for their dependence on European goods. A spiritual movement that inspired Pontiac who organized natives in the spring of 1763 to attack a British fort in Detroit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1763 British Govt Implemented first policy following 7yw because of Pontiacs rebellion. Boundaries set for westward expansion into Native lands. Colonist told they could not settle on certain lands. Significant because it showed how they were trying to control land from overseas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To help raise money for the Crown. Largely about enforcement of the navigation acts which stated who the colonies could trade with. Made it harder avoid paying duty, but cost was less. Becoming popular with tea and most important for making alcohol (Rum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – Had to pay tax/duty to produce any public/legal document. Even many things printed on paper, people had to pay tax on. Taxation without representation. |
|
|
Term
| Virginian Resolutions on the Stamp Act |
|
Definition
| People didn’t react to harshly when the Stamp Act was approved. People merely sent letters for it to be appealed. People would gather to discus 4 resolutions. . They thought that only the colonies had the right to tax the people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acknowledged the rights to being taxed and discussed the issue over internal and external taxes. Came to accept that no taxes should be implemented without representation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repealed only a year after the stamp act had passed. Colonial opposition was biggest factor for it to be repealed and the British couldn’t send over troops to defend it because they just got out of a long battle and were using these acts to raise money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wanted to put tax on things that were less vital to the colonies and weren’t produced there. Would have been hard for the colonies to produce them. If they were central to the colonies then there wouldn’t be much protest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More Africans crossed the Atlantic than Europeans in early settlement.
There was a chronic need for labor. Many men owned too much land for them to take care of themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was a crop that Europeans had never grown, but Africans did it and had the knowledge. Knew how to flood fields with water and let the tide in. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
offered two justifications for slavery
1. People were slave by nature and lacked reason
2. People could be made a slave if taken captive by war. They could have been killed but were kept alive so they are at the will of the captors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ham, father of Canaan and son of Noah. refers to the curse that Ham's father Noah placed upon Ham's son Canaan, after Ham "saw his father's nakedness" because of drunkenness in Noah's tent. It is related in the Book of Genesis 9:20-27. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| advocated for the abolition of slavery in the 18th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moved slaves across land in coffles, which are like chain gangs. made it hard for them to run away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people working lands in Africa to trade slaves on the African coast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First trip from Europe to Africa, second from Africa to Americas, and the third from the Americas back to Europe. So the Middle Passage was from Africa to the Americas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oppressive slavery in comparison to other types. Reduced slaves to a role of property. They had no role in community. Slaves could be bought and sold and the children of slaves were automatically slaves. Could not buy or own property, they were the property. Could be rented, mortgaged, and used as collateral. No legal rights and could not testify. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People found many ways to individualize themselves to help with the de-humanization. About 1/5 of the people were Africans and the colonies relied on them for the economy. Northern Colonies imported many things from the South and thus they were both dependant on one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not a taxation measure, it was simply saying that the colonist had to board the British soldiers. Came out at the same time as the stamp act so it was not objected as strongly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People gathered and surrounded the British Soldiers and told them to fire and then someone threw a stick at the soldiers and they started firing into the crowd, killing 5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Designed to be a bail out from the East India Company. The company was struggling and had a lot of surplus tea in the warehouses. Under Mercantilism, the East India Company was told to sell only to the British and they would sell to the US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Captain Ross was in charge of all three tea ships and wanted to turn around and go back to British, but Governor Hutchinson would not let them turn around and wanted the Tea to reach shore as he was determined to get the tea ashore. Ships were offshore for 3 weeks.
People boarded the ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor worth a lot of money. The people dressed up as Indians when they boarded the ships. |
|
|
Term
| Coercive/Intolerable Acts |
|
Definition
1. Boston Port Act-
2. Massachusetts Government Act-
3. Administrative of Justice Act- To give fair trials to people and could move trials overseas to Britain.
4. Quartering Act- New enhanced from the earlier one. Allowed governors to use any unused buildings to house soldiers. |
|
|
Term
| First Continental Congress |
|
Definition
| Drew up rights for the colonists. Not to be taxed without representation, trial by jury, etc. Talked about all the violations of colonists rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Called on committees and groups to enforce duties, embargos, inspections on goods. They maintained order and communicated with all the colonies. Counties and cities followed instructions to enforce laws. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radical plan for the moment in time. Called for reorganization that parliament would be permanent, but the American congress would have power to tax and a few other things within the colony. Plan was voted down by congress, but was debated over. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| notifying them that the British are coming. By the time they get there, a militia had assembled but it was not enough to fight the British. Someone fired a shot and in return the British fired upon the colonist and the colonist spread. This made more people gather to fight the British who marched on to Concord to destroy arms. This was the initial fight that was considered a battle in some ways. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Locke noted natural rights of life liberty and the right to property. Only differs from the US where it say in the DofI happiness. |
|
|
Term
| Second Treatise of Government |
|
Definition
| By John Locke (1680).Government was a voluntary creation of individuals, Individuals agreed to submit to authority, government agreed to defend the individuals riths to life, libertym, and property |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lockean Liberalism- Government rested on the consent of the individuals. Individuals had rights to life, liberty, and property. Individuals should have freedom of conscious to follow any religion. Individuals had right to horde infinite money and property. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Most used among the Puritans. There was nothing to do to earn their way into heaven. They were predestined whether or not they could make it into heaven. It made the Protestant people work hard and earn their way into heaven. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Man reaches fulfillment through active participation in public life. Such active life best achieved in a representative government, like a republic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At its peak during the second half of the 18th century taking inspiration from classical philosophers. Tended to be more skeptical of religion and wanted to use more logical reason. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rejected Christianity of original sin, Faith in Science and technology, secular focus on improving this world, with the application of reason government institutions could be made more efficient a and responsive to the public good |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colonial troops held on for hours against the siege. Colonials killed more British than they killed of the colonials. All the fighting occurred within sight of Boston. Colonist were able to see the action from below and the charges taking place. |
|
|
Term
| Second Continental Congress |
|
Definition
| In Philly, Formed the continental army led by George Washington. Many people were arriving in Boston following the wars willing to fight for the Continental Army and so they had to form it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Letter written to the king opposing ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By Thomas Paine. Challenged the notion that they had a republican government and they took pride in it, but Paine challenged these claims about how being freeborn Englishmen were not given the rights they claimed they had. All of Europe would want to trade with North America and so then the colonist would have a choice on who to trade with and they could make money off of this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| German mercenary hired by the British to fight the colonials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written by Thomas Paine when he was with the soldiers. It was reprinted into pamphlets and sent out to many people. This writing is relevant because it inspired many people and they got a lot of people to enlist after this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Washingtons Troops lost two clashes who invaded Philadelphia to take the capital. British took over the city and the continental congress had to relocate. Both sides had casualties, but Washingtons forces were able to get new recruits and the British were not able to because they were so far from home. |
|
|
Term
| Roderigue Hortalez and Co. |
|
Definition
| Fake French company used to sell arms to colonies |
|
|
Term
| Treaty of Amity and Commerce |
|
Definition
| recognized the US as its own nation and from it the US did not have to trade solely to the French. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created a US/French military alliance and from that the US said they would not try to get Canada back. They offered Spain to sign these treaties but hesitated to until 1779. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continental General that Cornwallis was chasing throughout the South. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where Cornwallis got trapped, US was helped by the French. |
|
|
