Term
| What are the two kindsof media used for mycobacteria? |
|
Definition
Agar based: Middlebrook
Egg based: Lowenstein-Jensen and ATS medium |
|
|
Term
| Do mycobacteria grow faster with liquid or solid media? |
|
Definition
Liquid (~10 days)
Solid must be held 8 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Which mycobacteria is the tap water bacillus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes swimming pool granuloma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does NaOH do to contaminated specimens? |
|
Definition
| Decontaminate and is mucolytic agent |
|
|
Term
| What does N-acetyl-L-cysteine do to contaminated specimens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Sputolysin-oxalic acid do to contaminated specimens? |
|
Definition
Sputolysin is a liquefying agent
Oxalic acid is a decontaminate |
|
|
Term
| What mycobacterial infections commonly affect AIDS patients? |
|
Definition
M. avium complex
TB
M. haemopilum
M. abscessus |
|
|
Term
| What are the different acid staining methods? |
|
Definition
Ziehl-Neelsen
Kinyoun
Fluorochrome |
|
|
Term
| What kind of stain is the Ziehl-Neelsen stain and what counterstain is used? |
|
Definition
Hot carbolfuchsin stan
Methylene blue |
|
|
Term
| What kind of stain is the Kinyoun stain and what counterstain is used? |
|
Definition
Cold carbolfuchison stain
Brillant green stain |
|
|
Term
| What are the two fluorochrome stains used? |
|
Definition
Rhodamine
Rhodamine-auramine |
|
|
Term
| Which are more specific: fuchinson or fluorochome stains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Runyon classification? |
|
Definition
| Classifies nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) based on pigmentation and growth speed |
|
|
Term
| What are the four groups in the Runyon classification? |
|
Definition
1. Photochromagens
2. Scotochromagens
3. Nonchromagens
4. Rapid Growers |
|
|
Term
| What mycobacteria are photochromagens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mycobacteria are scotochromagens? |
|
Definition
M. szulgai
M. scrofulaceum
M. gordonae |
|
|
Term
| What mycobacteria are nonchromagens? |
|
Definition
M. avium complex
M. xenopi
M. ulcerans
M. haemophilum |
|
|
Term
| What mycobacteria are rapid growers? |
|
Definition
M. fortuitom
M. chelonae
M. abscessus |
|
|
Term
| What are the possible kinds of TB infection? |
|
Definition
Asymptomatic primary
Symptomatic primary
Secondary TB |
|
|
Term
| Which kind of primary TB infection is most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of asymptomatic primary TB infection? |
|
Definition
Involves lungs and regional lymph nodes
Caseous granulomas called tubercles form |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of symptomatic primary TB infections? |
|
Definition
Involves lungs, lymph nodes and other organs
Granulomas cavitate
More common in kids, the elderly and the immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of secondary TB infections? |
|
Definition
It's the usual form of infection
Pulmonary involvement is common
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disseminated TB infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent of leprosy and how is it cultured? |
|
Definition
M. leprae
Can't be cultured in vitro
Can be grown in armadillos and the footpads of mice |
|
|
Term
| What nucleic acid tests are used to ID cultured mycobacteria? |
|
Definition
DNA probes for hybridization
PCR and RFLP |
|
|
Term
| What are the two drugs used to treat TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should mycobacteria be cultured? |
|
Definition
In the dark at 35C in 5-10% CO2 and high humidity
Discard negatives after 8 weeks |
|
|
Term
| When would you incubate mycobacteria at 25-30C? |
|
Definition
Incubating a skin sample
Trying to recover M. haemophilum |
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