Puritanism

• came from England in 1600's, settled in virginia and massachusetts
  • virginia mostly single men, massachusetts families moved
  • massachusetts focused heavily on education, had a higher birth rate than death rate
  • house of burgesses in virginia, church was government in massachusetts
  • higher life expectancy in massachusett
• "city on a hill" john winthrop
• mayflower compact establishing government
• strict laws
• dissenters like anne hutchinson and roger williams

• prosperity of a nation is dependent on it's supply of capital
  • capital represented by bullion (gold, silver)
  • needed healthy balance of trade
• government should play a protectionist and interventionist role in the economy (tariffs)
• fueled imperialism
• England most prominent use of mercantilism
• adopted by hamilton, clay, lincoln

• aka popular sovereignty
• legitimacy of the state created by the will and consent of it's people
• people the source of all political power
• adopted in the slave arguement
• Stephen a. Douglas took it in
• hobbes, locke, rousseau were originial theorists

• invented the phonograph and the lightbulb
• helped extend the work day
• introduced the idea of mass production when he invented electricity
• telecommunications changed by his invention of the telegraph
• electric powered generations

• political ideology created by Roosevelt
• bigness was good (big business, big government ect.)
• played a big role in the election of 1912 between Roosevelt and wilson
• ideology created a battle between urban and old

• 4th president of the United States
• archetect of the constitution
• was a federalist
  • wrote many of the federalist papers
• responsible for the first ten amendments
• believed in a system of checks and balances
• helped organize the republican party
• secretary of state for jefferson
• issued the virginia plan
• went against the alien sedation acts

• Ideology of wilson
• bigness was bad and it stifled competition
• wanted everything to be broken down including big business, trusts and government
• election of 1912, fight between old and new

• fifth president of the united states
• monroe doctrine (no European intervention in america's hemisphere)
• opposed ratification of the constitution
• anti federalist
• negotiated louisiana purchase
• secretary of state and war under madison
• era of good feelings (little partisan strife)

• English joint stock company
• tea act

• Unscrupulous reporting
• started by pultzer and hearst when hearst stole comic strip
• played a role in the spanish american war

• agreement in 1820
• prohibited slavery after the 36-30 line
• battle between north and south for majority in government

• passed in 1807 followed by non intercourse act
• restricted American ships from engaging in foreign trade between 1807 and 1812
• led to the war of 1812
• done by jefferson and madison to protect america from tensions between england and france

Trusts

• takes care of people's investments
• vertical trust and horizontal trust
  • carnagy and rockafeller respectivly
  • horizontal controlled on aspect of the business, vertical control the entire business
• combining companies when it was illegal to do so
• disappear in the 1890's when they changed into monopolies

• leave things alone
• adam smith introduced it in his book "the wealth of nations"
• natural law of economy is competition
• supply and demand
  • demand > supply means prices go up
  • demand
• government just had to protect property and provide law and order
• no business regulations

• runs from the hudson river to lake eerie
• proposed in 1807, finished in 1825
• first transportation route from east to west
• made transferring goods easier and faster
• Dewitt Clinton, NY governor, helped get it done
• built by immigrants mostly

Martin Van Buren

• eighth president
• secretary of state under johnson
• organized democratic party in new york
• jackson VP
• blamed for the 37 panic

• created the northwest territory
• passed in 1787 by jefferson
• established precedent for future expansion

• Preacher during the great awakening

• fought on april 21 1836
• texans won independence from San Anna (president of Mexico)

• secretary of state john hay instituted it
• series of notes that opened the door to trade with china (1899-1900)

• American Slave who led a slave revolt on August 21, 1831
• killed 56 whites, largest white death rate in a slave revolt in history
• 56 blacks killed after the revolt for being in association with the revolt
• another 200 killed by militias
• resulted in state legislatures passing laws prohibiting education of blacks and their civil rights

• pamphlet written by thomas paine
• published anonymously on January 10,1776
• presented an argument for freedom from British rule

• a court order which compels someone to execute a duty which he or she is legally compelled to complete.

• treaty signed on april 30, 1803
• bought large part of america from france for 15 million
• Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe was in charge of that
• doubled the size of america
• was important because gained control of mississippi from france and spain

• Martin Van Buren vs. William Harrison (whig) running with tyler and polk who was running for vp
• coming out of depression that van buren caused
• "tippacanoe and tyler too"
• whigs won
• harrison dies a month into office, tyler becomes president
• tyler blocked whigs political program while in office

• education reformer
• was a whig
• wanted public education
• "normal schools" to train teachers
• the common school journal: targeted public schools and it's problems
• education should be paid for and sustained by the public
• accept kids from all backgrounds
• longer school age, better teacher pay

• december 15th 1814 - january 4 1815
• secret meeting of the new england federalists in opposition to the war of 1812
• had a strong states right position
• against madison and the embargo act
• proposed several amendments to redress issues new england had
• unpopular amongst new englanders because cut trade, many people were merchants

• three french diplomats demanded us concessions as a condition for peace negotiations
  • included 12 million dollar loan and apology by john adams for comments
• us had sent three delegates to france for negotiations, france denied them
  • deported pinkney and marshall
• known as the quasi war

• Early English Settlers
• first successful cultivation of tobacco
• husband of pocahontas

• italian navigator and explorer
• discovered parts of North America after Columbus did in 1497

• enlightenment thinker
• suggested the separation of church and state
• in favor of the social contract
• influenced the founding fathers of the US
• wrote the Two Treatises
• fought for religious tolerance
• influenced constitution and way government worked

• Founding Father of the US
• leader in the movement toward the American Revolution
• against Britain taxing americans without their consent
• published the circular letter
• helped draft the articles of confederation
• attended continental congresses

• invented the cotton gin
• pioneer in the mass production of cotton
• made cotton profitable for the South
• manufactured muskets with interchangeable parts
• demand for cotton went up

• prominent war hawk
• worked on the treaty of ghent which ended the war of 1812
• forged the compromise of 1820
• involved in the election of 1824 with corrupt bargain, became secretary of state
• advocated for the american system
• compromise of 1850

• helped lay the basis for American constitutional law
• enhanced power of the supreme court
• fourth supreme justice
• judicial review
• made important decisions about federalism
• federal law > state law

• led bacon's rebellions
• lived in virginia
• disputed with governor over indian policy (wanted them off his land)
• organized expedition against indians in 1676
• turned his forces against the government after that
• captured jamestown, controlled most of virginia until he died of influenza

• fifth chief justice of supreme court
• dealt with dred scott case and the majority decision
  • blacks not citizens
  • blacks can't have a trial
  • missouri compromise line unconstitutional
  • congress had no authority to restrict spread of slavery into territories

• negotiated with mexico for the rio grande to be the border of texas and mexico
• pro southern

• believed in states right, limited government, nullification and free trade
• slavery was a "positive" good
• encouraged secession
• liked the fugitive slave law and expansion of slavery

• leader of the confederacy during the civil war
• secretary of war under pierce

• african american slave who went to the supreme court to fight for his freedom
• major dred scott case that declared blacks werent citizens, couldn't try anything in court ect.

• first US secretary of the treasury
• founding father
• worked with washington in the revolution
• authored half the federalist papers
• liked strong central government and ratification
• killed in a duel by burr

• first united states secretary of war
• fought in the continental army
• responsible for making sure militia was strong
• worked on relations with indians

• third president of the US
• principal author of the Constitution
• promoted republicanism
• in charge of the louisiana purchase
• supported separation of church and state
• jeffersonian democracy

• eleventh president of the US
• a democrat, defeated henry clay in election of in 1844
• led mexican american war, annexed texas

• nominee for president in 1860
• lost to lincoln
• had debates with lincoln for senate seat prior to this
• helped with the compromise of 1850
• passed kansas nebraska act
• popular sovereignty

• sixth president of the United States
• lost to andrew jackson when he ran a second time
• liked economic growth and strong federal government
• wasn't a well liked president

• abolitionist
• wrote uncle tom's cabin
• energized anti slavery forces in the north, pissed off the south

• protestant minister that spread the great awakening in new england
• founder of methodism

• marbury vs. madison
  • was appointed justice of the peace in a midnight decision
  • tried to become a judge in the judicial branch but madison blocked him
  • didn't have the paperwork

• puritan minister in salem
• involved in the salem witch trials
  • father of one of the girls, uncle of another

• secretary of state under lincoln
• opposed the spread of slavery
• was almost killed when lincoln was assassinated
• seward's folly (alaska)

• was anti-slavery
• was caned by preston brooks
• believed in the slave power conspiracy
• kept foreign countries out of war

• seventh president of the united states
• jacksonian democracy
• supported slavery and indian removal
• involved in battle at new orleans
• implemented the spoils system
• opposed the national bank