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Responsibility 2
CHES review
102
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
02/06/2014

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Theory-Based Strategies
Definition
In order to achieve state objectives a planner needs to utilize:
Term
Name the six strategies used in health education programs:
Definition
Educational, health engineering, community mobilization, health communication, health policy and enforcement, and health-related community service strategies.
Term
Educational Strategies
Definition
Activities associated with classroom-based courses, workshops, distance learning courses or seminars.
Term
Health Engineering Strategies
Definition
I.E. Environmental changes, change the environment in which people live or work
Term
Community Mobilization Strategies
Definition
Involve participants in the change process- build coalitions and lobby. Community organization, building, and advolcacy
Term
Health Communication Strategies
Definition
All types of communication channels. Create awareness, impact knowledge, and attitudes. Provide cues to action.
Term
Health Policy and Enforcement Strategies
Definition
Mandate actions through laws, regulation,s policies, or rules.Justified on the basis of "the common good"
Term
Health-related Community Service Strategies
Definition
Includes services, tests or treatment to improve the health of the priority population. (health fairs)
Term
Describe HIPAA
Definition
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Ensures confidentiality of patients and employees health status from people who do not make medical decisions.
Term
Code of Ethics
Definition
Ethical principles of Health Education Specialists, helps to ensure that the integrity and ethics of the profession are upheld.
Term
Cultural Competence
Definition
Ability of an individual to understand and respect values, attitudes, beliefs and morals that differ across cultures and to consider and respond appropriately to these differences in planning, implementing, and evaluating health education and promotion programs and interventions.
Term
Purpose of a Pilot Test
Definition
Ensures that messages and images are clear and consistent, culturally relevant, and motivational. Helps refine a program to increase likelihood of success.
Term

When determining what or how much information will be used in a program one must consider what things (7)?

Definition

o   Needs assessment data

    • Culture
    • Literacy level and language
    • Previous experience
    • Budget
    • Time
    • space
Term

What 3 things should a plan of instruction focus on?

Definition

Continuity, sequence, and integration

Term

To facilitate the learning process, education specialist should….

Definition

Focus on increasing participant’s motivation to learn.

Term

Using several what increases ability to retain knowledge?

Definition
Senses
Term

Why is it important to provide an appropriate learning environment?

Definition

To keep distractions to a minimum.

Term

People learn only when they are BLANK and BLANK ready?

Definition
Physically and Emotionally
Term

Why is it important to establish relevance of information?

Definition

People tend to learn what they perceive is important to them.

Term

Why is it important to use repetition?

Definition
Learning is enhanced when information is repeated several times in a variety of ways.
Term

What order should educator’s present information?

Definition

Start with the known and move to the unknown.

Term

What pace should educator’s present information? 

Definition

Whatever is appropriate to meet the needs of the participants.

Term

Why should educators generalize information?

Definition

Learning is more likely to happen is information can apply to more than one setting or situation.

Term

What two ways do we use logic models?

Definition

To show stakeholders and to evaluate

Term

What is the best way to show stakeholders how planning, implementing, and evaluating all fit together?

Definition
Logic Model
Term

Basic logic models have what 3 components?

Definition

Inputs, outputs, and outcomes.

Term

What is an input?

Definition

resources used in a program. (Human resources, funding, equipment, supplies)

Term

What is an output?

 

Definition

Activities or interventions in a program. (Products, services, and infrastructure)

Term
What is an outcome?
Definition
Intended Results
Term
What is a short-term outcome?
Definition

An immediate change. (Change in awareness, attitude, knowledge, or skill)

Term
What is a mid-term outcome?
Definition
Change in behavior or environment.
Term
What is a long term outcome?
Definition

Better quality of life, risk reduction, change in health status.

Term
The originators of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model
Definition
Green & Kreuter
Term
The most widely used program planning model
Definition
PRECEDE-PROCEED
Term
The 8 phases of PRECEDE-PROCEED
Definition
Phase 1: Social assessment
Phase 2: Epidemiological assessment
Phase 3: Educational and ecological assessment

Phase 4: Administrative and policy assessment
Phase 5: Implementation
Phase 6: Policy evaluation
Phase 7: Impact evaluation
Phase 8: Outcome evaluation
Term
Social Assessment

What phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED is this?
What occurs during this phase?
Definition
Phase 1

Defining the quality of life of the priority population
Term
Epidemiological Assessment

What phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED is this?
What occurs during this phase?
Definition
Phase 2

Identifying the health problems of the priority population, and determining/prioritizing behavior (individual) and environmental (external) risk factors associated with the health problem
Term
Educational and Ecological Assessment

What phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED is this?
What occurs during this phase?
Definition
Phase 3

Determine predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors
Term
Sierra conducts an assessment evaluating the culture, income levels, social support, housing, and education of the of the priority population. What phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model does this demonstrate?
Definition
Phase 1: Social Assessment
Term
Clark wants to identify health problems that affect citizens of Utah County. What type of assessment should he use from the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?
Definition
Phase 2: Epidemiological Assessment
Term
Craig wants to learn more about Orem teenagers who smoke. He would like to know their knowledge about smoking, ways to help them quit, and factors that would encourage them to discontinue smoking. What type of assessment should he use from the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?
Definition
Phase 3: Educational and Ecological assessment
Term
Predisposing factors
Definition
Individual knowledge and affective traits
Term
Enabling factors
Definition
Factors that make possible a change in behavior, such as a safe walking trail enabling an individual to begin an exercise routine.
Term
Reinforcing factors
Definition
Feedback and encouragement for a changed behavior, perhaps rewards
Term
Laurel uses the _________________ assessment from the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to determine her ability to carry out the program, which includes number of staff available and funding.
Definition
Phase 4: Administrative and policy assessment
Term
Shannon begins the "Buckle Up" program in Highland elementary schools. What phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model does this represent?
Definition
Phase 5: Implementation
Term
Bryant conducts an evaluation during the "Click It or Ticket" campaign to determine the quality of the program and to decide if adjustments need to be made. What phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model does this represent?
Definition
Phase 6: Process evaluation
Term
Administrative and policy assessment

What phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED is this?
What occurs during this phase?
Definition
Phase 4

Determine the resources (funding, staff, etc...) available for the program
Term
Implementation

What phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED is this?
What occurs during this phase?
Definition
Phase 5

Select strategies and activities; begin program
Term
Process Evaluation

What phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED is this?
What occurs during this phase?
Definition
Phase 6

Document program feasibility
Term
Impact Evaluation

What phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED is this?
What occurs during this phase?
Definition
Phase 7

Assess the immediate effect of an intervention
Term
After the implementation of the "Get up and Go" program 5 years ago, Jake notices a 7% decrease in obese elementary school students. What phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model does this represent?
Definition
Phase 8: Outcome Evaluation
Term
Outcome Evaluation

What phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED is this?
What occurs during this phase?
Definition
Phase 8

Determines whether long-term program goals were met
Term
What does MATCH stand for?
Definition
Multilevel Approach to Community Health
Term
Define Social Marketing
Definition
a program planning process designed to influence the voluntary behavior of a specific audience to achieve a social, rather than a financial, objective.
Term
What is the "marketing mix"?
Definition
The 4 P's. Price, Place, Promotion and Product
Term
Determine the outcomes to be achieved.
EX: Changing behavioral risks, modifying environmental characteristics, influence public policies, or raise awareness among the media.
Definition
Prior to data collection activity, researchers and practitioners must:
Term
A defined goal
Definition
Data collection will waste both financial and human resources without:
Term
Human resources (what skills do the have)and
Tangible resources(Computers, paper, writing implements, office space, transportation)
Definition
What resources are needed to achieve the desired objectives?
Term
Programs
Definition
Whenever there is an opportunity, a health education specialist should always be prepared to present health education into other_______?
Term
The aid of planning models, and incorporate theory when the intervention is created.
Definition
The most effective health education programs will be planned with:
Term
Healthy People 2020,
National and state standards and benchmarks for school health education, and agency/ organization mission statements.
Definition
What are some documents that can be consulted when planning for program development?
Term
2.5.1 Identify factors that foster or hinder implementation:
Definition
here are many potential barriers to the implementation of health education programs, which should be anticipated early in the planning process. Barriers might include lack of community support, agency administration support, or funding. other barriers might be an over-extended Health Education Specialist with limited time for program planning, a lack of coordination of resources within the community, or territorial issues among local agencies.
Term
2.5.2 Analyze factors that foster or hinder implementation:
Definition
although a program may be fully funded and perfectly designed, there may be factors that affect implementation, either negatively or positively. For example, a target audience may be reluctant to participate in a program, such as families who refuse to allow fire fighters to enter their home to conduct a home safety check or install free smoke alarms. These families may fear scrutiny of their living situation by authority figures. In addition, there may not be enough time for Health Education Specialist to carry out a program in its entirety due to scheduling changes of personnel or budget cuts due to an eroding tax base in a declining economy. In other instances, the target audience may be highly receptive to the program, such as parents who voluntarily attend a car seat checkup event shortly after the birth of their child. Health Education Specialist need to seize this "teachable moment" to recognize and take advantage of the educational opportunity, in this case, to ensure that parents appropriately restrain their infant.
Term
2.5.3 Use findings of pilot to refine implementation plans as needed:
Definition
pilot studies can provide enormous benefit in ensuring that program design and implementation are sound. Oftentimes, however, real-world experience indicates that the program needs to be refined to truly be effective. In a pilot study, it might be found that content could not be delivered in the specific time period, the audience could not understand certain concepts, or the method of instruction was not the most preferred method for participants. Health Education Specialist should take information from the pilot study to modify content or delivery method for full implementation of the program.
Term
2.5.4 Develop a conducive learning environment
Definition
Environments conducive to learning have both psychological and physical characteristics. Psychologically, students must feel comfortable with the pace of teaching, mix of didactic and experiential instruction, and methods of examination. Other factors affecting the learning environment include meaningfulness, open community, learning aids and consistency. Physically, the learning environment must be clean, safe, lighted, well-equipped with furniture in good repair and adequate audiovisual equipment, and heated or cooled to the right temperature. Clients or participants of a health education program may associate comfort with what is learned. Health Education Specialist should strive to ensure that their students are instructed in a conducive learning environment and should make learning satisfying.
Term
Informed Consent (sometimes called waiver of liability or release of liability)
Definition
requires: “(1) disclosure of relevant information to prospective subjects about the research [program]; (2) their comprehension of the information; and (3) their voluntary agreement, free of coercion and undue influence, to research [program] participation (NIH, 2006, para. 1).”
Term
Obtaining Informed Consent
Definition
1. Explain nature and purpose(s) of the program
2. Inform program participants of any inherent risks or dangers associated with participation and any possible discomfort they may experience
3. Explain the expected benefits of participation
4. Inform participants of alternative programs (procedures) that will accomplish the same thing
5. Indicate to the participants that they are free to discontinue participation at any time.
Term
Ethical Issues
Definition
situations where competing values are at play and program planners need to make a judgment about what is the most appropriate course of action.
Term
Respect for persons
Definition
acknowledges the dignity and autonomy (i.e. freedom) of individuals, and requires that people with diminished autonomy (e.g., children, mentally disabled, and people with severe illness) be provided special protection.
Term
Beneficence
Definition
"DOING GOOD" requires program planners to protect participants by maximizing anticipated benefits and minimizing harms.
Term
Nonmaleficence
Definition
Not causing harm
Term
Justice
Definition
requires that program planners treat participants fairly
Term
Negligence
Definition
failing to act as a prudent (reasonable) person would
Term
Act of Omission
Definition
Not doing something when you should, such as failing to warn program participants of the inherent danger in participation
Term
Act of Commission
Definition
doing something you should not be doing, such as leading an aerobic dance program when you are not trained to do so.
Term
HIPPA (Public Law 104-191)
Definition
Rule of Law that sets national standards that health plans, healthcare clearinghouses, and health care providers who conduct certain health care transactions electronically must implement to protect and guard against the misuse of individually identifiable health information.
Term
Anonymity
Definition
exists when no one, including the planners, can relate a participant’s identity to any information pertaining to the program
Term
Confidentiality
Definition
exists when planners are aware of the participants’ identities and have promised not to reveal those identities to others.
Term
Type III Errors
Definition
failure to implement the health education intervention properly
Term
Disability
Definition
often defined on the basis of specific activities of daily living, work, and other functions essential to full participation in community-based living
Term
Steps for an effective coalition:
Definition
1 analyze the issue or problem on which the coalition will focus
2 create awareness of the issue
3 conduct initial coalition planning and recruitment
4 develop resources and funding for the coalition
5 create a coalition infrastructure
6 elect coalition leadership
7 create an action plan
Term
Possible obstacles to obtain input from member of the planning committee
Definition
-lack of time
-lack of awareness
-lack of transportation
-communication capabilities
-lack of interest
Term
Recommendations to remove obstacles to obtain input from members of the planning committee
Definition
-make personal contact with key representatives
-provide incentives for participation
-choose easily accessible meeting locations
-conduct training programs for them
Term
Key participants from the priority population who can offer support to program planners:
Definition
-local elected officials
-clergy
-influential members of the community
-community-based organizations
-local departments of health or related agencies
-print journalists and broadcast media representatives
Term
A planning committee may consist of the following:
Definition
-representatives from all segments of the priority population
-active community members
-influential members of the community
-representatives of the sponsoring agency
-stakeholders
-effective leaders
Term
Gatekeeper
Definition
The people who control both formally and informally, the political climate of the community and help an “outsider” gain access to the community
Term
cultural competence
Definition
being aware of cultural differences within a community and effectively working within the the cultural context of the community is
Term
Initial Organizer
Definition
the person or (persons) who initially recognizes an issue in a community and gets community organizing started. Not necessarily the primary organizer.
Term
Grass Roots
Definition
Bottom-up efforts of people taking collective actions on their own behalf, and they involve the use of a sophisticated blend of confrontation and cooperation in order to achieve their ends. Those within the community who are responsible for organizing.
Term
Community Organization
Definition
the process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways develop and implement strategies for reaching the goals they have collectively set
Term
Community Building
Definition
orientation to community that is strength based rather than need based and stresses the identification, nurturing, and celebration of community assets.
Term
Priority Population
Definition
The people for whom the program is intended
Term
Participants
Definition
individuals who receive the intervention or participate in the program
Term
Decision Makers
Definition
those who have authority to approve a plan. (ex. administrator of an organization, governing board, chief executive officer)
Term
Health coaching is an example of what type of communication?
Definition
Intrapersonal Communication
Term
Support groups are an example of what type of communication?
Definition
Interpersonal Communication
Term
What are the 4 primary communication channels?
Definition
1. Intrapersonal communication
2. Interpersonal communication
3. Organization and community
4. Mass media
Term
Church Bulletins, company newsletters and community activities use what type of communication?
Definition
Organization and community
Term
A PSA is a form of what type of communication?
Definition
Mass media
Term
Communication channels
Definition
a Method for message dissemination to the priority population
Term
To identify a priority population you should use a
Definition
needs assessment
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