Term
| When and why was Puritan John Lilburne dragged through the streets of London and whipped? |
|
Definition
| April 1638-his opposition to Laudianism by writing 'unlicensed literature' against Laudian Bishops. He was sentence by the Star Chamber- he was also fined. |
|
|
Term
| What is the 'coiled spring effect' the historian John Morrill refers to? |
|
Definition
| The build up of tension during Charles' personal rule. The actual signs of opposition can represent wider,unexpressed discontent. |
|
|
Term
| What are the key reasons for the vast majority of people liable for fiscal feudalism paying up? |
|
Definition
-not paying could lead to punishment by the crown, either a fine or imprisonment.
-they were traditional and legal methods of collecting.
-all courts belonged to the monarch and challenging the way the raised finance was usually down to Parliament. |
|
|
Term
| Which method of raising finance did the 1st Earl of Clerendon feel was a reason to side with Parliament? |
|
Definition
| abuses of the Court of Wards |
|
|
Term
| How much ship money assessed was collected until 1638? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What group in particular did Ship Money weigh on? |
|
Definition
| local justices to collect it |
|
|
Term
| What did the Earl of Warwick challenge in October 1634? |
|
Definition
| forest fines in the Waltham Forest area |
|
|
Term
| Why did Charles seek legal confirmation of his right to collect Ship Money? |
|
Definition
| in order to fund an army to face the Scots coventanters (rebelling the Prayer book) This action brought opposition to ship money into the open. |
|
|
Term
| Why did Fiennes start legal action against the crown for the imposition of Ship Money? |
|
Definition
| to be part of a show trial (everyone else will see what he has to say)but he was ignored. |
|
|
Term
| What network was the Providence Island Company a centre of? |
|
Definition
| opposition to Charles and Laudianism. Members included Saye and Sele (Fiennes), Brooke, Warwick and John Pym. |
|
|
Term
| Why were Saye and Brook imprisoned? |
|
Definition
| they refused to take an Oath of Loyalty to support Charles against the Scots |
|
|
Term
| In 1637 Charles took John Hampden to court for refusing to pay Ship Money. What month was this and why was Hampden of significance? |
|
Definition
| November. Hampden was closely connected with Charles' opponents Saye+Sele,Warwick and Pym. This was a message that Charles' authority should be obeyed! |
|
|
Term
| Who was Hampden's lawyer in the Ship Money case and what was his argument? |
|
Definition
| Oliver St. John. He pointed out that the writ (commanding ship money)did not state there was an emergency and was issued 6 months before a fleet was prepared, so there had been time to call Parliament and get a subsidy. However he did not contest Charles' right to take action in an emergency or to define an emergency. |
|
|
Term
| What was the case of the Crown's lawyer, Sir Edward Littleton, in the Ship Money case against Hampden? |
|
Definition
| there had not been enough time to call Parliament and get a subsidy voted! It was the junior lawyers on both sides that brought up the more seriosu constitutional issues. |
|
|
Term
| What was the judgement in the Hampden-Crown ship money case? |
|
Definition
| 7-5 in Charles' favour. This bare majority was seen as a moral victory for Hampden, although the case was complex and the judges voted on close technical reasons rather than being majorly against each other. |
|
|
Term
| What was the impact of the Hampden Ship Money case on a)the Ship Money collection and b)constitutional issues? |
|
Definition
a) during the case it became more difficult to collect the money, but afterwards it returned to 90%.
b) issues were debated widely as the judge's opinions were circulated |
|
|
Term
| Tell me about Edward Hyde. |
|
Definition
| An MP in the Short and Long Parliament. Criticised abuses of personal rule like Ship Money and Star Chamber. Supported monarchy from 1641 and in 1642 helped out 'answer to 19 propositions' which outlined constitutionalist royal position adn say monarchy was best protector of Church, constitution and order. Basically wanted settlement and stopped the King taking aggressive measures. |
|
|
Term
| What caused ship money collection to fall from 90 to 20%? |
|
Definition
Scottish rebellion
Hampden Case
for one year! |
|
|
Term
| What radical things did Hyde do? |
|
Definition
-voted in favour of Wentworth's execution
-voted to abolish Ship Money and Star Chamber
went into exile twice! |
|
|
Term
| Why did the parishioners of St. Gregory's (London) oppose the moving of the Communion table in 1633? |
|
Definition
-It meant family pews also had to be moved, causing offense.
-The richly decorated cloth made it look like a Catholid altar.
-It was railed off from the congregation LIKE THE CATHOLICS DID!!! |
|
|
Term
| What happened to the challenging parishioners of St. gregs? |
|
Definition
| they were brought before the Privy Council by Charles (test case) |
|
|
Term
| Why did Laud want Heath gone? Who was he? |
|
Definition
| Robert Heath was Charles' Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Laud thought he would oppose the religious changes in the courts. He was dismissed in September 1634. |
|
|
Term
| Why was Bishop John Williams imprisoned in 1637? |
|
Definition
| he published a criticism of the altar policy. He and many other ministers didn't even like the word 'altar' |
|
|
Term
| What did Montagu say about altars and was this a popular view? |
|
Definition
| 'we ought not to be offended by the name,thing or use of altar'. Nope! |
|
|
Term
| What was the 1637 punishment of the Puritans Batwick,Burton and Prynne for criticising the religious policy? How did this effect how people had heard of them? |
|
Definition
| Their ears were publicly cropped, they were fined £5000 and imprisoned for life. Many more heard of them because pf their punishment than their work. |
|
|
Term
| What were the jobs of Bastwick,Prynne and Burton? How was John Lilburne conencted to them? |
|
Definition
| Lawyer, doctor and cleric. Lilburne helped distribute Bastwick's work. |
|
|
Term
| How was the level of emigration during the Personal Rule? |
|
Definition
| High- this is another sign of discontent with the Laudian Church. Between 1629 1nd 40 60,000 people made the journey to New England. |
|
|
Term
| How did Whig historians see the impact on the Church of Laudianism? |
|
Definition
| negative, leading to a Puritan revolution |
|
|
Term
| How did Tyacke see the impact on the Church of Laudianism? |
|
Definition
| Laudianism also led to a reaction but the Laudians were the revolutionaries as they were the minority breaking a Calvinist consensus constructed by Elizabeth and James I. |
|
|
Term
| How did Morrill see the impact on the Church of Laudianism? |
|
Definition
| In the context of the whole population Laudianism may have been more acceptable. The majority just attended church because they had to and the intricacies of theology didn't bother them. In fact Laudian empasis on music and ceremony would have been easier to sit through than Puritan preaching. |
|
|
Term
| State the 5 reasons for anti-Catholicism at this time. |
|
Definition
-Bloody Mary burning Protestants at the stake.
-John Foxe's book on it, which was the 2nd most read and meant everyone knew all about Mary's burning. Called 'The book of martyrs (acts and monuments)
-Spanish war!
-Gunpowder plot by group of Catholics
-30 years war with catholic invasion |
|
|
