Term
| 1. What is the major function of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| to supply blood with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide |
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Term
| 2. What other system does the respiratory system work closely with? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. What structures does the upper respiratory system contain? |
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Definition
| nose, pharynx, and associated structures |
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Term
| 4. What structures does the lower respiratory system contain? |
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Definition
| larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
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Term
| 5. What are the 3 functions of the nose? |
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Definition
| 1-provide airway 2-moistens, warms, and filters air 3-contains olfactory receptors |
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Term
| 6. What is the external nose composed of? |
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Definition
| bone and hyaline cartilage |
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Term
| 7. What 2 bones form the roof of the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
| ethmoid and sphenoid bones |
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Term
| 8. What forms the floor of the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. What divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides? |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. What is the nasal septum made of? |
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Definition
| bone and hyaline cartilage |
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Term
| 11. What are the external openings of the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. What are the internal openings of the nasal cavity, and what do they open into? |
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Definition
| choanae - they open the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx |
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Term
| 13. What are the 3 structures that protrude from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
| superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae |
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Term
| 14. What is the function of the nasal conchae? |
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Definition
| they warm and filter the air |
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Term
| 15. What kind of tissue lines the nasal cavity close to the nares? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 16. What kind of tissue lines the rest of the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 17. What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx? |
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Definition
| nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
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Term
| 18. What part of the pharynx is located posterior to the nasal cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. What part of the pharynx is located posterior to the oral cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. What part of the pharynx is located posterior to the epiglottis and larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. When Walter swallows his giant bite of chicken, what 2 things close off his nasopharynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. The nasopharynx also contains the opening of what structure? |
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Definition
| the auditory tube (eustachian tube/pharyngotympanic tube) |
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Term
| 23. What is the function of the auditory tube? |
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Definition
| to equalize pressure between the middle ear and nasopharynx |
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Term
| 24. What lymphatic structure is located in the back of the nasopharynx? |
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Definition
| pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) |
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Term
| 25. What tissue lines the nasopharynx? |
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 26. What is the name of the opening that connects the oropharynx to the oral cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 27. What two lymphatic structures are located in the oropharynx near the fauces? |
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Definition
| palatine tonsil and lingual tonsil |
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Term
| 28. What tissue lines the oropharynx? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 29. The laryngopharynx is continuous with what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| 30. What tissue lines the laryngopharynx? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 31. Where is the thyroid cartilage located? |
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Definition
| in larynx - just superior to the thyroid gland |
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Term
| 32. What is the thyroid carilage composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. What is the function of the thyroid cartilage? |
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Definition
| maintains an open passageway for air movement |
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Term
| 34. What is the name for the large projection on the thyroid cartilage? |
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Definition
| Adam's apple (laryngeal prominence) |
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Term
| 35. Where is the cricoid cartilage located? |
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Definition
| in larynx - inferior to the thyroid carilage |
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Term
| 36. What type of cartilage is the cricoid cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| 37. What is the function of the cricoid cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. Where is the epiglottis located? |
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Definition
| most superior part of larynx |
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Term
| 39. What type of cartilage is the epiglottis? |
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Definition
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Term
| 40. What is the function of the epiglottis? |
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Definition
| it closes off the opening to the larynx when we swallow |
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Term
| 41. What are the mucous membranes that cover the superior ligaments in the larynx? |
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Definition
| false vocal cords (folds) |
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Term
| 42. What are the mucous membranes that cover the inferior ligaments in the larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. What is the term for the true vocal cords and the space between them? |
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Definition
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Term
| 44. What is the inflammation of the mucosal epithelium of true vocal cords? |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. What type of tissue lines the false and true vocal cords? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 46. What type of tissue lines the rest of the larynx? |
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 47. What structure is known as the windpipe and is a tubular passageway for air anterior to the esophagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| 48. What structures are on the anterior and lateral sides of the trachea? |
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Definition
| c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage |
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Term
| 49. What structure covers the posterior part of the trachea? |
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Definition
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Term
| 50. What type of tissue lines the trachea? |
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Term
| 51. Smoking can cause the epithelium in the trachea to change to what type of epithelium? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 52. What is the specific part of the trachea where it splits into right and left primary bronchi? |
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Definition
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Term
| 53. Which primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical so is most likely where objects (like marbles) get lodged? |
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Definition
| the right primary bronchus |
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Term
| 54. Name all structures in order of size from the trachea to the alveoli. |
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Definition
| trachea - primary bronchi - secondary bronchi - tertiary bronchi - bronchioles - terminal bronchioles - respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli |
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Term
| 55. As bronchi get smaller, what decreases and what increases in the walls of the bronchi? |
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Definition
| the amount of cartilage decreases and the amount of smooth muscle increases |
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Term
| 56. What is occuring in the bronchi and bronchioles during an asthma attack? |
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Definition
| constraction of smooth muscle (constriction of the airway) |
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Term
| 57. Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles will lead to a ____ in diameter, which _____ resistance to airflow and therefor ______ airflow. |
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Definition
| decreases diameter / increases resistance / decreases airflow |
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Term
| 58. What is a medication commonly taken for asthma that promotes smooth muscle relaxation in the walls of terminal bronchioles? |
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Definition
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Term
| 59. What type of cells are thin squamous cells that make up 90% of the alveolar surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| 60. Most gas exchange between alveoli and blood is through what type of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| 61. What type of cells are round/cube-shaped secretory cells that produce surfactant? |
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Definition
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Term
| 62. What type of tissue lines all bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles? |
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Definition
| some type of ciliated epithelium (pseudostratified, columnar, or cuboidal) |
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Term
| 63. What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| 64. What type of tissue lines the alveoli? |
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Definition
| simple squamous epithelium |
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Term
| 65. What carries blood that needs to be oxygenated to the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| 66. What is exchanged between the alveoli and the capillaries that surround them? |
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Definition
| oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| 67. What carries the newly oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| 68. What supplies oxygenated blood to the lung tissue? |
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Definition
| the bronchial arteries (branch from the aorta) |
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Term
| 69. What returns deoxygenated blood from the lung tissue into the venous system? |
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Definition
| bronchial veins and azygous vein |
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Term
| 70. What are the major muscles involved with respiration? |
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Definition
| diaphragm, pectoralis minor, internal and external intercostals, and the abdominal muscles |
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