Term
| This serotype of adenovirus is rare but has a 5% mortality rate in ICUs. Can cause severe and sometimes fatal respiratory illness in patients of all ages. |
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Definition
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Term
| This enterovirus is unlike other species in its genus because it is acid labile and requires a lower than core body temperature to replicate efficiently. There are over 100 serotypes known. |
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Definition
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Term
| This virus (specific to the type) is the leading cause of croup in children. |
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Definition
| Parainfluenza virus type 1 |
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Term
| This parainfluenza virus type is a major cause of childhood pneumonia. |
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Definition
| Parainfluenza virus type 3 |
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Term
| An asthmatic child with viral borne pneumonia is in your office. You prescribe antibiotics, but the mother questions why her child needs it. Why would you prescribe an antibiotic for a viral infection? |
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Definition
| As a prophylactic against a secondary bacterial infection that could occur during the recovery from the viral infection. |
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Term
| Which types of orthomyxoviruses should we be concerned with clinically? |
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Definition
| Influenza viruses types A and B. C doesn't infect humans. |
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Term
| What is the biggest problem with influenza virus type A? |
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Definition
| It can infect animals, subtypes can infect the same cell and recombine, then it can re-infect humans as a completely new strain. (antigenic shift). |
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Term
| What are the 2 coat proteins on the surface of influenza type A that dictate its' infectivity? |
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Definition
| hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidse (N) |
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Term
A term describing minor antigenic changes in the H and N proteins of influenza type A virus.
What does this contribute to? |
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Definition
Antigenic drift.
Contributes to a slight resistance to specific immunity. |
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Term
| A term to describe radical or more dramatic changes in the antigenic properties of viral surface proteins, like those seen in influenza type A. What does this result in? |
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Definition
| Antigenic shift. Results in a change in subtype denotation. Occurs infrequently (10-20 years). |
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Term
| What is an effective treatment against influenza virus types A and B and how does it work? |
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Definition
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
Inhibits viral neuraminidase. Needs to be given quite early to be effective. |
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Term
| This virus is a major pediatric problem and causes bronchiolitis in infants. It can also cause infantile pneumonia. |
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Definition
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Has a seasonal approach. |
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Term
| This virus causes hemorrhagic fever with or without renal syndrome. It is associated with pulmonary syndrome associated with high mortality. It is rodent borne and originated in central America. |
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Definition
| Hantaan virus. Causes endothelial cell damage leading to leakage and severe edema in the affected organ. Can kill in 24-48 hours. |
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Term
| This virus is the cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). |
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Definition
| Coronavirus. Most patients develop pneumonia. |
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