_______ increase surface area of the nose to warm and moisten aire

nasopharnx

oropharnyx

laryngopharnx

Touching the carina elicits this effect

True/False 

The right mainstem bronchus is shorter & wider than the left.

The area of the tract from the nose to the respiratory bronchioles is termed

Collapsed alveoli due to low surfactant is termed

24 (12 on each side)

This makes up the thoracic cage including the sternum

______ is the tendencey for the lunce to recoiled or reduce volume after being stretched or expanded

pneumonia

ARDS

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary fibrosis

sarcoidoisis

and

Pleural effusion

PaO2 is the amount of O2 in the blood, whereas

SpO2 is the amount of O2___________

Asthma, Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis combined are symptoms of

the 2 classifications of athsma are

Classify either allergic or idiosyncratic:

Pollen

 Smoking

Respiratory Infection

Exercise

ALLERGIC

Pollen

IDIOSYNCRATIC

 Smoking 

Respiratory Infection

Exercise

T/F

Can GERD or Stress cause athsma?

Dyspnea

Wheezing

Cough

Sputum

(may be worse at night)

Hypoxemia

Respiratory ALKAlosis progesses to ACIDosis

What tests can diagnose Athsma?

H&P

PFTs

ABGs

Allergy Skin Testing

Thophylline (Theodur)

B2 Adrengeric agonists (Ventolin, Severent)

Luekotriene inhibitors (Accolate, Singulair)

Steroids, Antihistamines, O2, Mast Cell Inhibitors

Alveolar wall destruction, no more elastic recoil,

pulm. capillary damage, and the air gets trapped.

Diminished breath sounds

Dyspnea

Activity Intolerance

Emphysema diagnostic tests:

(XPACS) 

(XPACS) 

Xray

PFT

ABGS

CBC

Sputum Specimen

Emphysema Tx

(BEG)

1) Bronchodilators

2)Expectorant

3)Give 1-2L of O2 (MAXIMUM!!!)

Inflamation-->Mucus-->Congestion

Cough

Sputum (more in morning)

Wheezes & Crackles

(if infectious, fever & malaise)

Bronchitis Tx:

 (ABE-A)

Antitussive (anti dry cough)

Bronchodilators

Expectorants

Antibiotics (if infection)

Cor Pulmonale:

(Right Sided Heart Failure) d/t enlarged right ventricle d/t chronic lung disease

COPD key ASSESSMENT distinctions:

(CHAT)

Clubbing of fingers

Homan's sign

Accessory Muscles

Talking difficulties

DB&C

3L of fluids daily

Humidify

High Fowlers

O2 canula

Small meals HIGH Calorie & HIGH Protein

CHF

SOB

Decreased Urine Output

Tachycardia

Edema

Cystic Fibrosis is what?

an Exocrine gland disorder causing thick secretions which block pancreatic enzymes....

ITS HEREDITARY!!!!

Sputum

Frequent Respiratory Infections

FINGER CLUBBING

Malabsorption

SMELL STOOLS!

(death from antibiotic-resistant infection)

"Kiss your baby" campaign (salty-tasting babies)

and

Sweat Chloride Test

Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement

(Pancrease, Viokase)if stools are frothy bulky BM, need more enzymes!!!

Ibuprofen to slow deterioration

Lung Transplant

Rest around meal time

Name 4 UPPER RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

hint:(NERD)

1)Nasal Fracture

2)Epistaxis

3)Rhinoplasty

4 Deviated Septum

There are 4 listed infectious/inflammatory disorders:

Allergic Rhinitis

Acute Viral Rhinitis

Influenza

Sinusitis

Allergic Rhinitis S&S....

Think "achoo!"

Typical allergy symptomes, conjestion, sneezing, HAYFEVER, POLLEN.....

TYPICAL ALLERGY treatments, decongentants, antihistamines

ACUTE ViRaL Rhinitis S&S and Tx

(aka, the common cold)

Influenza A,B & C is from a virus, transmitted thru coughs and sneezes.  Incubation is 1-3 days.

...can last up to 7 days

Complications of this are:

can go into Pneumonia, so...

 take a sputum sample

give antibiotics

give antivirals

SINUSITIS is inflammation of the sinus mucosa

Tx & nursing care is:

Decongestants, Saline irrigation, hot packs, tylenol, antibiotics

While in bed:  semi-fowlers,

and watch for LOC changes 

SARS (severe acute resp syndrome)

Explain CAUSE and Tx

SARS coronavirus spread thru droplets

Incubation 2-7 days

S&S: dry cough, dsypnea (& common stuff)

Tx: No treatment, Isolation precautions & Rest!

Pharyngitis:  most commonly caused by?

... and occurs in what population?

bacterial strep

usually 4-7yo kids

Pharygitis may have patch yellow/red throat

S&S:   (standard stuff) plus possible white or yellow exudate on them and myalgia

Tx:  If chronic, removal     

If not, standard antibiotics,tylenol and gargles

Resonance is low pitched hollow sounds heard over normal lung tissue

Hyperresonance indicates an increasesd amount of air in the lungs or pleural space produced by emphysema and pneumothorax

NORMAL SOUNDS TO HEAR

Dullness heard over dense lung tissue over the liver and heart

Flat sounds are soft and high pitched and result from airless tissue

NORMAL SOUNDS TO HEAR

Tympanic are high hollow or drum like sounds heard over the stomach or large pneumothorax

Vesicular are low pitched soft swishing sounds heard best on inspiration

Bronchial heard in large tracheal airways and are loud and high pitched, heard only anteriorly

Bronchovesicular are heard anteriorly and posteriorly over large central airways and have a breezy sound

Absent or diminshed are shallow or absent

Vesicular: heard throughout chest

Bronchial: heard over trachea

Bronchovesicular: heard over lar airways

Absent or Diminished

_________are made by sudden opening of small airways that contain fluid

Crackles “rales”

___________are gurgles and occur as the result of air passing through fluid filled narrow passages such as in bronchitis or pneumonia

Rhonchi

___________are musical and heard with asthma, caused by bronchoconstriction and edema

____________are found with pleurisy, pneumonia and pleural infarct caused by chest wall rubbing on inspiration and expiration over inflammation

___________ or voice sounds heard on ausculation

Normal speech is muffled and indistinct

Vocal resonanace

_________ is change in sound from e to a indicates consolidation

Egophony

Whispered pectoriloquy “1-2-3” if distinct indicates ____________

Consolidation

(another word for Tumors, Pnuemonia,Fibrosis)

MUSICAL speaking sound,

"more" prominent on EXPIRATION

Fine Crackles:  high-pitched popping sounds during INSPIRATION... aka Rales

Course Crackles:  Low-pitched bubbling/gurgling early in INSPIRATION

In this disease, neck muscles are hypertrophied from aiding in forced respirations:

COPD