Term
| 6 secondary functions of the respiratory system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organs that conduct gases to/from the respiratory membrane |
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Term
| Upper Respiratory tract (3) |
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Definition
| nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx |
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Term
| Lower Respiratory tracy (5) |
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Definition
| larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli |
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Term
| Name the starting and ending structures of the conducting airways |
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Definition
| Nasal cavity-> Oropharynx------> bronchioles-> terminal bronchioles |
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Term
| Name the respiratory airways (4) |
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Definition
| respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac, alveoli |
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Term
| What tissue warms and humidifies the air that enters the conducting airways? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures make up the respiratory mucosa (4) |
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Definition
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
2. goblet cells
3. lamina propria (areolar CT under mucus membrane)
4. seromucous glands |
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Term
| Where do you find respiratory mucosa? (5) |
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Definition
1. nasal cavity
2. nasopharynx
3. larynx
4. trachea
5. bronchi |
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Term
| What is the term for the action of sweeping trapped particles in the respiratory system to the oropharynx for disposal? What habit destroys the cilia that carry out this process? |
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Definition
| Mucociliary escalator, smoking |
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Term
| what epithelium do you find in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx? Why? |
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Definition
1. stratified squamos epithelium
2. protection. These areas are shared with the digestive tract. |
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Term
| What is the progression of epithelium types in the bronchioles (largest to smallest)? |
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Definition
1. simple ciliated columnar w/goblet cells
2. simple ciliated cuboidal (no goblet)
3. simple cuboidal (no cilia/no goblet) |
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Term
| How is air filtered / cleaned in the nasal cavity? (4) |
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Definition
1. nasal hairs filter large particles
2. mucus from goblet cells and seromucous glands trap smaller particles
3. seromucous glands secrete lysozymes (antibacterial enzyme)
4. Epithelial cells secrete defensins (antibiotic) |
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Term
| What type of epithelium lines the super nasal cavity and conchae? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 cartilages of the larynx |
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Definition
1. thyroid cartilage (hyaline)
2. cricoid cartilage (hyaline)
3. epiglottis (elastic cartilage) |
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Term
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Definition
| closing the glottis and contracting the abdominals to increase intra-abdominal pressure (heavy lifting, defecation) |
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Term
| What type of epithelium is found in the trachea? |
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Definition
| Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and thick lamina propria |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of the Trachea? |
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Definition
mucosa- PCCE + goblet
Submucosa- DI CT with seromucous glands
Adentitia- outer layer of CT |
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Term
| Does the trachea have muscle? |
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Definition
| Yes. trachealis muscle. helps during cough reflex by constricting to accelerate air speed. |
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Term
| Changes in conducting airways |
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Definition
1. decreasing cartilage (none in bronchioles)
2. decreasing cilia and goblet cells (goblet cells only in largest brochioles)
3. fewer seromucous glands (none in bronchioles)
4. Thinning respiratory epithelium ending with simple cuboidal
5. increasing proportion of smooth muscle and elastic tissue compared to size of airway |
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Term
| What structure attaches the lung to the mediastinum |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the lobes of the left lung and the division between them |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior lobe divided by the oblique fissure |
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Term
| Name the lobes of the right lung and the division between them |
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Definition
| Super and middle lobe divided by the horizontal fissure. Middle and inferior lobe divided by the oblique fissure |
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Term
| How many terminal bronchioles and pulmonary lobules come from each bronchopulmonary segment? |
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Definition
1 segment = 6500 terminal bronchioles
1 terminal bronchiole = 1 pulmonary lobule |
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Term
| How many alveoli do you have per lung? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 cell types found in the alveolar wall? |
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Definition
1. Type 1 alveolar cells (simple squamos)
2. alveolar macrophages
3. Type II alveolar cells (septal cells)- surfactant |
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Term
| Define the respiratory membrane and the 3 layers that it is made of |
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Definition
air blood interface that gases must diffuse across
1. Type 1 alveolar cells
2. basement membrane
3. endothelial cells of capillary |
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Term
| What compound do capillary endothelial cells produce? |
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Definition
| ACE- all blood passes through these capillaries in 1 minute so you are able to convert all ang I to Ang II in 1 minute. |
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Term
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Definition
1. pulmonary ventilation
2. External respiration
3. Transport
4. Internal Respiration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hole in the thorax or lung allowing air to enter the pleural cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| Collapsed lung due to air entering the pleural cavity |
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Term
| What are the accessory muscles associated with forced inspiration |
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Definition
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior |
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Term
| What are the accessory muscles associated with forced expiration |
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Definition
internal intercostals
transverse thoracis
abdominal muscles |
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