Term
| Organs of the Respiratory System |
|
Definition
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs-Alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Function of Respiratory System |
|
Definition
| Gas exchanges between the blood and external environment |
|
|
Term
| Where does the gas exchange occur in the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What divides the nasal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are olfactory receptors located? |
|
Definition
| Mucosa on the superior surface |
|
|
Term
| The rest of the cavity is lined with respiratory mucosa that |
|
Definition
moisten air
trap incoming foreign particles |
|
|
Term
| Projections in the lateral walls are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
Palate
(anterior hard palate-bone)
(posterior soft palate-muscle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
Frontal Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Maxillary Bone |
|
Definition
| Bones that sinuses are located in |
|
|
Term
Lighten skull
Act as resonance chambers for speech
Produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior region behind nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| middle region behind mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior region attached to larynx |
|
|
Term
| Common passageways for food |
|
Definition
| oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in the nasopharynx- pharygngeal tonsil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in the oropharynx |
|
|
Term
| Tonsils found at the base of the tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Routes air and food into proper channels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plays a role in speech and is made of eight hyaline cartilages and epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| Largest of the hyaline cartilage, protrudes anteriorly |
|
Definition
| Thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protects the superior opening of the larynx
routes food to the esophagus and air toward the trachea |
|
|
Term
| Vocal Folds (true vocal cords) |
|
Definition
| vibrate with expelled air to create sound or speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening between vocal cords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Four inch long tube that connects larynx with bronchi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Formed by division of the trachea,
enters the lung at the hilum (medial depression) |
|
|
Term
| Occupy most of the thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the apex of the lungs located? |
|
Definition
| Near the clavicle (superior portion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central portion that the heart occupies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What covers the outer surface of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulmonary (visceral) pleura |
|
|
Term
| Lines the walls of the thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parietal Fluid fills the area between the layers of pleura to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles |
|
Definition
| Bronchial Respiratory Tree Divsions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli (air sacs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes the gas to cross the respiratory membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipid molecule that coats gas exposed alveolar surfaces |
|
|
Term
| The four Events of Respiration |
|
Definition
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Respiratory Gas transport
Internal respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moving air in and out of the lungs (commonly called breathing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the blood stream |
|
Definition
| Respiratory gas transport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells in the systemic capillaries |
|
|
Term
| Completely mechanical process that depends on volume changes in the thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the phases of pulmonary ventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhalation- flow of air into lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exhalation -air leaving lungs |
|
|
Term
| Diaphragm and external intercoastal muscles contract, cavity size increases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The passive process, as muscles relax air is pushed out of the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes air to be pushed out of lungs? |
|
Definition
Decrease in the intrapulmonary volume
Increase in gas pressure |
|
|
Term
| Normal pressure within the pleural space is always |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differences in lung and pleural space pressures |
|
Definition
| keep lungs from collapsing |
|
|
Term
Cough and sneeze
Crying
Laughing
Hiccup
Yawn |
|
Definition
| Examples of nonrespiratory air gas movements |
|
|
Term
| Moves about 500 ml of air with each breath |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many factors that affect respiratory capacity |
|
Definition
Person's size
sex
age
physical condition |
|
|
Term
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) |
|
Definition
Occurs when you inhale
Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume |
|
|
Term
| Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) |
|
Definition
Occurs when you exhale
Ammount of air that can be forcibly exhaled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air remaining in lung after expiration |
|
|
Term
| The total amount of exchangeable air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Respiratory capacities are measured with |
|
|
Term
| What monitors respiratory sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Produced by air rusing through large passageways such as the trachea and bronchi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vesicular breathing sounds |
|
Definition
| soft sounds of air filling alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Always have more oxygen than the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood leaving the lungs is oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-poor |
|
|
Term
| What is formed when most oxygen attaches to hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most is transported in the blood, specifically the plasma as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An opposite reaction to what occurs in the lungs |
|
|
Term
| Carbon Dioxide diffuses out of the tissue to blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxygen diffuses from blood into tissue |
|
|
Term
| Activity of respiratory muscles is transmitted to and from the brain by |
|
Definition
| phrenic and intercostal nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sets basic rhythm of breathing and contains a pacemaker called the self-exciting inspiratory center |
|
|
Term
| Appears to smooth out respiratory rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal respiratory rate 12-15 respirations per minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen needs |
|
|
Term
| Physical factors (non-neural factors) that influence respiratory rate and depth |
|
Definition
Increased body temp
exercise
talking
coughing
Emotional factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical factors that influence respiratory rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Results from increase CO2 in the blood, acidosis
Blows off more CO2 to restore normal blood pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
results when blood becomes alkaline (alkalosis), extremely slow or shallow breathing
Allows CO2 to accumulate in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Things associated with COPD |
|
Definition
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
smoking
dyspnea
coughing |
|
|
Term
| Most victims are hypoxic, retain CO2 and have frequent acidosis, ultimately develop respiratory failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mucosa of the lower respiratory passages becomes severely inflamed,
Mucus production increases
Pneumonia is common |
|
Definition
| "Blue bloaters" Chronic Bronchitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alveoli enlarge
airways collapse during expiration
can cause barrel chest
Cyanosis appears late (blue color) |
|
|
Term
| Accounts for one-third of all cancer deaths in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three common types of lung cancer |
|
Definition
squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Small Cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| A fatty molecule made by alveolar cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infant respiratory distress syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oversecretion of thick mucus clogs in the respiratory system |
|
|
Term
| Apparently healthy infant stops breathing and dies during sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chronic inflamed hypersensitive bronchiole passages
dyspnea
coughing
wheezing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elasticity of lungs decreases
Vital capacity decreases
blood oxygen levels decrease
stimulating effects of carbon dioxide decrease
Elderly are often hypoxic and exhibit sleep apnea
More risks of respiratory tract infection |
|
|
