carbon dioxide (CO2)

tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process

cartilage

tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone

cilia

any hairlike structure

diffuse

movig or spreasing out of a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

homeostasis

state in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain a constant internal environment

mucous membrane

moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavaties of the body that open to the environment; also called mucosa

oxygen (O2)

tasteless, odorless, colorless gas essential for human respiration

pH

symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

septum

wall dividing two cavities, such as the nasal septum, which seperates the two nostrils

serous membrane

thin layer of tissue that caovers internal body cavities, the cells of which secrete a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa

nas/o

rhin/o

nose

sept/o

septum

sinus/o

sinus, cavity

adenoid/o

adenoids

tonsill/o

tonils

pharyng/o

pharynx (throat)

epiglott/o

epiglottis

laryng/o

larynx (voice box)

trache/o

trachea (windpipe)

bronchi/o

bronch/o

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

bronchiol/o

bronchiole

alveol/o

alveolus; air sac

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o

pneumon/o

air; lung

pulmon/o

lung

arthrac/o

coal, coal dust

atel/o

incomplete; imperfect

coni/o

dust

cyan/o

blue

lob/o

lobe

orth/o

straight

ox/i

ox/o

oxygen

pector/o

steth/o

thorac/o

chest

phren/o

diaphragm; mind

spir/o

breathe

-capnia

carbon dioxide (CO2)

-osmia

smell

-phonia

voice

-pnea

breathing

-ptysis

spitting

-thorax

chest

brady-

slow

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

eu-

good; normal

tachy-

rapid

acidosis

excess acidity of body fluids

apnea

temporary loss of breathing

atelectasis

collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of the lung

cheyne-stokes respiration

repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of repiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all

compliance

ease with which lung tissue can be stretched

coryza

head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)

crackle (also called rale)

abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasis, or when air enters moisture-filled aveoli

croup

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and, sometimes, lungs

epiglottitis

severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age

epistaxis

nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage

finger clubbing

enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease

hypoxemia

deficiency of oxygen in the blood

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleural mambrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intesified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis

pulmonary edema

accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure

rhonchus

abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation

stridor

high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

wheeze

whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passage

mantoux test

intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen

oximetry

noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry

bronchoscopy

visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

arterial blood gases (ABG's)

test that measures partial pressure of oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample

sputum culture

microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

throat culture

test used to ientify pathogens, especially group a streptococci

thoracentisis

surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted