Term
Each lung is subdivided into functional and anatomical segments called:
Each segment supplied by:
Right lung:
Lef lung: |
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Definition
Bronchopulmonary Segments
Each segment supplied by a tertiary (segmental) bronchus
–Right lung: 10 total
–Left lung: 9-10 total (some fuse together) |
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Term
What does the respiratory zone consist of?
Respiratory bronchioles branch from- |
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Definition
Consists of air-exchanging structures
–Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
Respiratory bronchioles – branch from terminal bronchioles
–A few alveoli open directly into respiratory bronchioles
–Lead to alveolar ducts (with a few alveoli)
–Alveolor ducts open into alveolar sacs |
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Term
| Summary of the bronchi and bronchioles? |
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Definition
primary bronchi->
Secondary (lobar) bronchi ->
Tertiary (segmental) bronchi->
Multiple branches of primary bronchioles->
Terminal bronchioles ->
Respiratory bronchioles ->
Aleveolar Ducts ->
Alveoli |
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Term
What is the histology of bronchioles?
epithelium, cartilage, muscle, CT? |
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Definition
•Epithelium transitions from simple columnar (larger bronchioles) to simple cuboidal (smaller bronchioles)
•No cartilage in wall
•Contains smooth muscle
•Connective tissue outer
layer |
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Term
What are the alveoli?
How many?
Surface area? |
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Definition
•Site for gas exchange between blood and air
–Round, sac-like
•About 300 million; surface area = 140 sq. meters |
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Term
Alveoli consist of what cells and what cell types?
And scatterd amoung those cells are? |
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Definition
Alveoli consist of type I cells and their basal laminae
–Simple squamous epithelial cells
•Scattered among type I cells:
1)Cuboidal epithelial cells – type II cells
a)Secrete pulmonary surfactant – reduces surface tension of inner alveolar wall; helps prevent alveoli from collapsing
2)Macrophages – phagocytose pathogens and debris |
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Term
Alveoli have extensive:
Which functions to:
Alveoli are surrounded by:
which function:
Alveoli are interconnected via:
which functions to: |
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Definition
•Extensive network of blood capillaries surround alveoli
–Exchange of gases between blood in capillaries and air inside alveoli
•Alveoli surrounded by elastic fibers
•Some recoil of stretched alveoli during exhalation
•Interconnect by way of alveolar pores
–Equilibrate pressures between alveoli |
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Term
What is the respiratory membrane? How thick/why?
Consists of? |
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Definition
•Barrier for diffusion of gases across alveolar wall
•Very thin layer (0.5 mm); rapid diffusion of gases
•Consists of:
1)Plasma membrane of type I alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelium)
2)Basal laminae
a)Contributions from both type I cells and from endothelial cells
3)Plasma membrane of capillary endothelial cells (simple squamous epithelium) |
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Term
Bronchial Arteries
Branch from:
Supply:
Drain: |
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Definition
•Branch from descending aorta
•Oxygen-rich blood to bronchial tree
–Systemic blood
–Run along bronchi/bronchioles in lung
•Drain into bronchial veins |
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Term
What is the pleurae?
pleural cavity?
Help to? |
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Definition
•A double-layered sac surrounding each lung; serosal lining of mesothelium
1)Parietal pleura
2)Visceral pleura
•Pleural cavity
–Potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae
•Pleurae help divide the thoracic cavity
–Central mediastinum
–Two lateral pleural compartments
–Cardiac Notch (in left lung) |
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Term
| Innervation of the lungs: |
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Definition
–Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory fibers
•Parasympathetic – constrict airways
•Sympathetic – dilate airways |
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