Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the lower respiratory tract |
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Term
| Pneumonia is caused by... |
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Definition
| infectious agents (bacteria gram+/-, virus, fungus (rare), and chemical) |
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Term
| Organisms that cause pneumonia reach the lungs by... |
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Definition
| 1. Aspiration 2. Inhalation 3. Hematogenous spread |
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Term
| High risk groups for pneumonia |
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Definition
| Individuals who are: debilitated by accumulated lung secretions, cigarette smokers, immobile, immunosuppressed, experiencing a depressed gag and/or cough reflex, sedated, experiencing neuromuscular disorders, nasogastric/orogastric intubation, hospitalized client. |
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Term
| Pneumonia Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
- tachypnea: shallow respirations, often with use of accessory muscles
- fever with shaking and chills
- productive cough with pleuritic pain
- rapid, bounding pulse
- pain and dullness to percussion over the affeceted lung area
- bronchial breath sounds, crackles
- chest XR shows infiltrates with consolidation or pleural effusion
- elevated WBC
- ABG indication of hypoxemia
- ↓ in O2 sat on pulse oximetry
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Term
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Definition
- Assess sputum for volume, color, consistency, and clarity
- Assist client to cough productively by: deep breathing every 2 hrs, using humidity, suctioning, chest physiotherapy
- Provide liquids up to 3 L/day
- Assess lung sounds before & after coughing
- Assess rate, depth and pattern of respirations regularly
- Monitor ABGs and O2 saturation
- Assess skin color
- Assess mental status, restlessness, and irritability
- Administer O2 as prescsribed
- Monitor temperature
- Provide adequate rest periods
- Administer antibiotics as prescribed
- Teach risks factors and preventative measures
- Encourage at-risk groups to get annual pneumonia and flu immunizations
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Term
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Definition
- Thins out the mucoud trapped in the bronchioles and alveoli, facilitating expectoration
- Essential for client experiencing fever
- Is important because 300-400 mL of fluid is loss daily by the lungs through evaporation
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Term
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Definition
| irritability and resstlessness from inadequate supply of O2 to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease); Emphysema and chronic bronchitis together characterized by bronchospasm and dyspnea. Damage to the lung is not reversible and increases in severity |
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Term
| Chronic Bronchitis Pathophysiology |
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Definition
- chronic sputum with cough production
- chronic hypoxemia
- cor pulmonale
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Term
| Chronic Bronchitis Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
- generalized cyanosis (blue bloaters)
- right-side heart failure
- distended neck veins
- crackles
- expiratory wheezes
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Term
| Emphysema Pathophysiology |
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Definition
- reduced gas exchange surface area
- increased air trapping (increased AP diameter)
- increased work, increased O2 consumption
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Term
| Emphysema Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
- "pink puffers"
- barrel chest
- pursed-lip breathers
- wheezes
- pulmonary blebs on XR
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing or closure of the airway due to a variety of stimulants |
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Term
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Definition
- dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness
- assess precipitating factors
- medication history
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