Term
| All the cells in the body produce CO2 by.. |
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Definition
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Definition
| process of moving air in/out of the lungs |
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Definition
| reciprocal exchange of gases in the lungs |
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Definition
| process that takes place inside cells; uses 02 and produces co2 |
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Term
| Gas exchange in the lungs takes place by... |
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Definition
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Definition
| external nares>nasal cavity w/vibrissae>>choanae--> pharnyx-->larynx-->(glottis)---> trachea--->bronchi (1deg. 2deg. 3deg.)--> terminal bronchioles---> respiratory bronchioles---> alveolar ducts---> alveolar sacs--> alveoli |
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Term
| Actual gas exchange only takes place from the________ to the ________ |
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Definition
| respiratory bronchioles, alveoli |
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Term
| The pharynx is divided into 3 sections: |
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Definition
| nasopharynx, oropharynx,laryngopharynx |
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Term
| where you would look for strange things that you may have swallowed |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of cells line the respiratory tree? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous to the trachea, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithilium from the respiratory bronchioles down to the alveoli |
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Definition
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Definition
| the membrane on the surface of the lungs |
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Definition
| the membrane surrounding the lungs |
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Definition
| inflammation of the membranes around the lungs |
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Definition
| procedure to drain fluid built up from inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is |
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Definition
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Term
| during inhalation the muscles of the diaphram____. and the sheet of muscle ______. the rib muscles______ |
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Definition
| relax. flattens out. contract. |
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Term
| the process of the muscles contracting during inhalation is |
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Definition
| to increase the space of the pleural cavity |
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Term
| during inhalation pressure is _____, and air rushes ___ the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| during expirations the diaphram ____. but ______ the space in the pleural .air then rushes ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| the pleural cavity is always under a slight ______ |
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Definition
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Definition
| when the pleural cavity is punctured from the outside and the lung deflates and loses its vaccum |
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Term
| actual gas exchange in the lungs takes place by |
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Definition
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Term
| concentration differences in gases in the lungs. measured by a mixture of different gases |
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Definition
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Term
| atmospheric pressure x % gas concentration |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| produce and release a chemical surfacant the lowers the surface tension in the alveolus |
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Definition
| lowers the surface tension in the alveolus |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air inhaled/exhaled during normal relaxed breathing ~500 cc |
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Definition
| the amount of air you can inhale after a tidal volume ~3000 cc |
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Definition
| the amount of air you exhale following a tidal volume ~1100cc |
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Definition
| the air that remains in the lungs after expiratory reserve is exhaled ~1200cc |
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Definition
| total volume of air in lungs at end of a maximum inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| the maximum amount of air that can be expired following a maximum inspiration |
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Term
| during a normal inspiration, about ___ cc are moved into the lungs however about ____ cc of this is in the ________ where no gas exchange occurs |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| normal respiratory rate is naturally lower in ______ and get gradually declines with age. |
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Definition
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Term
| respiratory minute volume |
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Definition
| respiratory rate x tidal volume |
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Definition
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Definition
| increased resp.rates (exersize) |
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Definition
| very labored breathing with discomfort |
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Definition
| temporary cessation of breathing |
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Term
| breathing is controlled by the respiratory center that includes portion of the ______and ________ __________. |
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Definition
| pons and medulla oblongata |
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Term
| the pons and medulla that control the respiratory rate includes...(3) |
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Definition
1. inspiratory and expiratory center
2. pneumotaxic center
3. apneustic center |
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Term
| what are the 3 chemicals that interact in regulating respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| these chemicals that regulate respiration are sensed by |
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Definition
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Term
| where are the chemoreceptors concentrated in the body? |
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Definition
| aortic and carotid sinuses |
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Term
| which 2 chemicals are the most stimulative in regulating respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| chemical equation of respiration |
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Definition
| CO2+H20---->H2CO3---->H+ + HCO3 |
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Term
| why does blood hold about 20x more oxygen than water? |
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Definition
| because the hemoglobin inside red blood cells can temporarily bind with the 02, producing oxyhemoglobin. |
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Term
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Definition
| a curve showing when the oxygen is released from the red blood cells and unbinds from the hemoglobin |
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Term
| how does carbon dioxide get back to the lungs? (3) |
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Definition
1. in solution in the plasma ~7-8%
2.bound to hemoglobin and is called carminohemoglobin ~23-27%
3.bicarbonate ions in plasma ~70% |
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Term
| barcarbonate ions formula |
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Definition
| CO2 + h2o--->H2CO3---->H+ + hco3 |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme required in bicarbonate ions that is located inside red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a common chronic disorder of the airways that is complex and characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and an underlying inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs |
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Term
lung cancer treatments
small cell lung carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
lung cancer treatments
non-small cell carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the main two types of lung cancer? |
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Definition
| small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
| characterised by a lack of elasticity of the lung tissue causing alveoli to collapse during exhalation. otherwise know as COPD |
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Definition
| an inflammation of the larynx. causes a hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal cords |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory illness of the lung. more than 100 strains of microorganisms can cause this. most common are viruses and bacteria.less common is fungus and parasites. |
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Definition
| common and often deadly infectious disease cause by mycobacteria, in humans mainly mycobacterium tuberculosis. 1/3 of world exposed to asymptomatic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pleurisy is inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest (the pleura) that leads to chest pain (usually sharp) when you take a breath or cough. Symptoms: The main symptom of pleurisy is pain in the chest |
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Term
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Definition
| Among the oldest described surgical procedures, tracheotomy (also referred to as pharyngotomy, laryngotomy, and tracheostomy) consists of making an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea. |
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Term
| what are the names of the cartilages that make up the larynx? |
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Definition
| thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage |
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Term
| what is significant about a tertiary bronchus? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the actual process of gas exchange in the alveolus |
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Definition
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Term
| how many unit membranes must each gas cross? |
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Definition
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