Term
| An HIV+ pt should be exposed to active TB should be . . . |
|
Definition
| TREATED for latent TB even if their PPD is negative. Also a CHEST X-RAY should be taken to rule out active TB. |
|
|
Term
| Are HIV and TB considered reportable disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is asthma considered an obstructive or restrictive airway disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In asthma, FEV1/FVC will be . . . |
|
Definition
| decreased (obstructive pattern) |
|
|
Term
| How will the central pulmonary arteries look on chest X-ray in a pt with COPD? |
|
Definition
| enlarged central pulmonary arteries due to Cor Pulmonale, and pulmonary HTN. Right dilated atrium will also be present. |
|
|
Term
| What EKG changes will be present in someone with COPD or pulmonary HTN? |
|
Definition
| right axis deviation, RBBB, peaked P waves in lead II. |
|
|
Term
| What is the classic triad seen in fat marrow embolism? |
|
Definition
1. Respiratory changes
2. Neurologic changes
3. Petechial rash (1-3 days after the insult) |
|
|
Term
| a parasternal lift reflects. . . |
|
Definition
| right ventricular dilation |
|
|
Term
| Why is sleep apnea treated with CPAP? |
|
Definition
| CPAP reduces the incidence of CVA, TIA, HTN, and MI |
|
|
Term
| When an HIV+ pts CD4 gets below 200 they should be treated prophylactically with __________ to prevent infection of ___________ and ___________ |
|
Definition
TMP/SMX
PCP and toxoplasmosis |
|
|
Term
| When an HIV+ pts CD4 gets below 50 they should be treated prophylactically with __________ to prevent infection of ___________ |
|
Definition
azithromycin
disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex |
|
|
Term
| What is considered MILD-INTERMITTENT ASTHMA? |
|
Definition
| symptoms two or fewer days per week and nighttime awakenings occur two or fewer times per week month. |
|
|
Term
| What is the first line treatment for persistent allergic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
| intranasal glucocorticoid |
|
|
Term
| Tension pneumothorax is caused by _________ and is considered a ____________ |
|
Definition
injured tissue creating a one-way valve that allows air to leave the lung, and enter the pleural space
Medical emergency - there congestion of the vasculature entering the right atrium of the heart. |
|
|
Term
| In a tension pneumothorax hyperresonance will occur on the . . . |
|
Definition
| affected side of the collapsed lung. |
|
|
Term
| How will total lung capacity change in asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How will DLCO change in asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does one distiguish between ARDS and cardiogenic edema? |
|
Definition
Echocardiogram
(PCWP < 18 used to be apart of the criteria) |
|
|
Term
| How do you know if pleural fluid is related to TB? |
|
Definition
lymphocytes > 80
greatly increased total protein
(Acid fast is RARELY positive in these pts)
Adenosine deaminase level > 40 (if less than 40 than TB is ruled out) |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of extremely low glucose levels in pleural effusion fluid? |
|
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
empyema
malignancy |
|
|
Term
| Chest X-ray of silicosis will show . . . |
|
Definition
| nodular opacities in the upper lobe |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for silicosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First time PE should be treated with heparin and coumadin for . . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A recurrent PE should be treated for . . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INR in a pt with mechanical heart valve, post MI, and antiphospholipid syndrome should be . . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of choice for small cell carcinoma of the lung? |
|
Definition
| chemotherapy +/- radiation |
|
|
Term
| Is surgical resection an option for small cell carcinoma of the lung? |
|
Definition
| No, SCC has usually spread systemically by the time of diagnosis |
|
|
Term
| When is surgical resection a treatment option in lung cancer? |
|
Definition
| Non-small cell lung cancer is treated with surgical resection + chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| What is the work-up for a pulmonary nodule on chest X-ray? |
|
Definition
1. Compare to previous imaging
2. Classify as high-risk or low-risk
3. if low risk obtain Chest X-ray or CT every 3 months for a year, and every six months afterward |
|
|
Term
| What determines if a pulmonary nodule is high or low risk? |
|
Definition
High Risk:
1. Calcified and greater than 2cm
2. Irregular borders
3. Rapidly growing compared to previous studies |
|
|
Term
| First line of treatment for whooping cough is a . . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for spontaneous pneumothorax? |
|
Definition
smoking
family history
Marfans |
|
|
Term
| How does DLCO change in asbestosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A complication of silicosis is . . . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnostic criteria for moderate persistent asthma? |
|
Definition
| symptoms daily, and nighttime awakenings occurring more than once per week, but NOT nightly |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for moderate persistent asthma? |
|
Definition
inhaled low or medium dose glucocorticoid
long-acting beta agonist
short acting beta agonist |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for an empyema? |
|
Definition
| complete drainage with thoracostomy and IV antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| blastomycosis has a clinical triad affecting tissues of . . . |
|
Definition
1. Lung
2. Skin (verrucous non-pruritic)
3. Bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the diagnostic criteria for severe persistent asthma? |
|
Definition
| asthma symptoms throughout the day and nighttime awakenings daily. |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for severe persistent asthma? |
|
Definition
1. HIGH-dose inhaled glucocorticoids
2. long acting beta agonist (LABA)
3. PRN short acting beta agonist |
|
|
Term
| What is Langerhan's cell histiocytosis? |
|
Definition
| caused by proliferation of specialized bone marrow-derived langerhans cells. It is an interstitial lung disease associated with smoking. There are 3 different variants of disease. Chest X-ray will show lytic lesions of the rib cage. |
|
|
Term
| What is the test of choice in diagnosing bronchiectasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lung infections with "tram lines" seen on CXR is . . . |
|
Definition
| bronchiectasis (parallel lines outlining the bronchi) |
|
|
Term
| Is Interstitial lung disease, which has many etiologies, have a restricted or obstructive pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does sarcoidosis cause a restrictive or obstructive lung disease pattern? |
|
Definition
| RESTRICTIVE (it causes an interstitial lung disease) |
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnostic criteria for MILD-persistent asthma? |
|
Definition
symptoms more than two days per week, but not daily AND
nighttime awakenings occurring 3-4 times per month |
|
|
Term
| What is Churg-Strauss syndrome? |
|
Definition
| aka allergic granulomatosis is a vasculitis of the medium and small vessels that is accompanied by ALLERGIC RHINITIS and leads to pulmonary involvement causing asthma, blood eosinophilia, maculopapular rash, and p-ANCA positive. |
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