Term
| structures of the lung, from largest to smallest |
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Definition
| trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs |
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Term
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Definition
| conduct air and serve in respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs, their main function is gas exchange. |
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Term
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Definition
| Particles are caught in a raft of mucus, which is swept upward by beating cilia on the lung epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the bringing in and distribution of a volume of air |
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Term
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Definition
| circulation of blood in the lung |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| This type of pneumonia is very commonly acquired by hospitalized patients |
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Term
| Staphylococcus. Strep and fungi can also be a cause. |
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Definition
| Common organism that cases bronchopneumonia |
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Term
| Only a few organisms can cause lobar pneumonia. |
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Definition
| Streptococcus pneumoniae (which is the same as Pneumococcus and is the most common cause), Klebsiella (also called Friedlander's bacillus), and Legionella pneumophila. |
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Term
| Infection with Klebsiella is associated with... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The filling of airspaces during pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the patient is well enough that he or she is not confined to bed. |
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Term
| If pneumonia is associated with pain, |
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Definition
| there is most likely also infection of the pleural membranes covering the lung. The lung itself has no pain receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by a widespread, even distribution throughout one or more lobes of the lung. |
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Term
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Definition
| the air spaces are not filled. The walls of the alveoli become inflamed, but the inflammation does not spill out into the air spaces |
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Term
| Community acquired pneumonia's |
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Definition
| Lobar and interstitial pneumonia's |
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Term
| Viruses that can cause pneumonia include: |
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Definition
Influenza (especially influenza A)
Parainfluenza
Respiratory syncytial virus
Adenovirus
Varicella (chickenpox)
Herpesvirus hominis
Cytomegalovirus
Measles virus |
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Term
| Organization or carnification: |
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Definition
| the lung becomes solid, inelastic and meat-like due to scarring. Like cardiac muscle, lung tissue cannot regenerate. |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity. Often requires surgical drainage. |
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Term
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Definition
| infection can spread outside the lung, leading to endocarditis, meningitis, septic arthritis, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple abscesses that are not putrid |
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Term
| Abscesses that form from aspiration of vomit |
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Definition
| caused by anaerobic organisms from the mouth and tend to be putrid and foul-smelling. |
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Term
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Definition
| also present in healthy individuals. New infections can be of concern during pregnancy, since this virus can cross the placenta and involve the fetus. |
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Term
| Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) |
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Definition
| not usually present in healthy people |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can involve lung, but is usually more of a problem in the brain. Also can affect fetus if a woman is infected for the first time while pregnant. |
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Term
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Definition
| bronchi become dilated and have a "sac-like" quality. Occurs due to a manifestation of severe and persistent lung infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| The localized, chronic inflammatory lesions of primary tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| The infection may spread to regional lymph nodes. The infected nodes and the Ghon foci together form |
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Term
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Definition
| Sometimes in children or in immunocompromised individuals, the first infection with TB will become spread throughout the lung or even throughout the body via the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of necrosis associated with TB |
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Term
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Definition
| a yeast that can cause meningitis even in healthy people, but it more commonly infects those who are immunocompromised. |
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Term
| Some other TB-like diseases caused by fungi |
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Definition
| histoplasmosis, Coccidioides. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic bronchitis is characterized by excessive, chronic mucus production and cough in the absence of infection, and it usually results from smoking. |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal architecture of the lung is destroyed. There is a departitioning of the lung as the walls of the acini are ruptured and destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristically suffer from emphysema. They overbreathe because they feel that they are not getting enough air and are often thin and wasted, since a lot of energy is expended trying to breathe. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are bloated because they are edematous due to right heart failure (called cor pulmonale - right heart failure due to lung disease). Blue bloaters characteristically suffer from chronic bronchitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| In emphysema, big air-filled spaces in the lung |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid in the airspaces) can result from heart disease or from toxins (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema). |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a generally reversible obstruction of the lung marked by bronchospasm and increased secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| diffuse interstitial fibrosis or scarring; diffuse infiltration without scarring; edema) |
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Term
| Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (also called diffuse alveolar damage): |
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Definition
| The capillaries become leaky, and the air spaces fill with exudate. The exudate and damaged cells may form a thick band called a hyaline membrane that lines the air spaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| The exudate and damaged cells may form a thick band |
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Term
| Neonatal RDS (also called hyaline membrane disease) |
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Definition
| a similar syndrome seen in premature newborns, particularly those delivered by C-section, who have lungs that are still immature. In this case, the capillary damage and leak result from lack of sufficient surfactant to keep the air spaces open. |
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Term
| Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP): |
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Definition
| It is often a catch-all term for lung conditions that are not pneumonias. BOOP is marked by inflammation and obstruction of bronchi with pneumonia and fibrosis. The fibrosis (scarring) is reversible up to a point. Formation of fibrotic tissue can be suppressed with steroids. |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inflammation of the lung due to inhalation of dusts, such as silica, asbestos, and coal dust |
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Term
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Definition
can affect both the lungs and the kidney's
which is often (not always) marked by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). |
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Term
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Definition
| can effect both the lungs and the kidney's. Caused by antibodies directed against the glomerular basement membrane |
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Term
| Oat cell carcinoma (also called small cell carcinoma) |
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Definition
| ) is rarer but very aggressive and invariably fatal. Oat cell carcinoma is seldom treated surgically, because the tumor has almost always spread by the time it is discovered. Therefore, chemotherapy is the treatment of choice |
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Term
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Definition
| arise in the apex of the upper lobes and may lead to head, neck, and arm symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| clubbing of the fingers (which occurs for unknown reasons and may also be associated with other conditions), or various conditions that arise from abnormal production of hormones by the tumor cells (such as enlargement of the breasts in males) |
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Term
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Definition
| notorious for producing hormones inappropriately. |
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Term
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Definition
| The only benign tumor of note in the lung. which is a cartilaginous tumor that looks like a kernel of popcorn on x-ray |
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Term
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Definition
| malignant tumors in the lung. |
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