Term
| Adult respiratory distress syndrome |
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Definition
| Severe lung syndrome (not a disease) caused by a variety of direct and indirect issues. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange with concomitant systemic release of inflammatory cascade s/s inflamm. & hypoxemia.Often leads to multiple organ failure. Often fatal, usually req. mech ventilation & admit to ICU |
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Term
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Definition
| temp. cessation of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical care Analysis of arterial blood for O2, CO2, bicarbonate content, and pH, which reflects the functional effectiveness of lung function and to monitor resp therapy |
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Term
| Assist-Controlled Ventilation |
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Definition
| A method of artificial respiration in which inspiration is produced automatically after a set interval if the person has not begun to inspire earlier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trauma caused by rapid or extreme changes in air pressure, especially affecting enclosed cavities within the body such as the middle ear (otic barotrauma), the sinuses (sinus barotrauma), and the lungs (pulmonary barotrauma). |
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Term
| Bi-level Pressure Ventilation (BiPAP) |
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Definition
| Keeps upper airway open. Noninvasive. A higher pressure is used to breathe in (called inspiratory positive airway press. IPAP) & a lower pressure is used when breathing out (called expiratory positive airway press., or EPAP). |
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Term
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Definition
| a downward and backward projection of the lowest tracheal cartilage, forming a ridge between the openings of the right and left principal bronchi. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accurately following directed treatment. |
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Term
| Constant Positive Airway Pressure (CPAO) |
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Definition
| noninvasive or invasive ventilation assisted by a flow of air delivered at a constant pressure throughout the respiratory cycle. It is performed for patients who can initiate their own respirations but who are not able to maintain adequate arterial oxygen levels without assistance. |
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Term
| Controlled Mandatory Ventilation |
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Definition
| Intermittent application of positive pressure to a gas or gases in or about the airway in order to force gas into the lungs in the absence of spontaneous ventilatory efforts. Also called controlled respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| a small, sharp sound heard on auscultation. Caused by dry, bristly hair and insufficient pressure on the stethoscope head. Also characteristic of emphysema, especially when it is subcutaneous. |
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Term
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Definition
| the spontaneous movement of molecules or other particles in solution, owing to their random thermal motion, to reach a uniform concentration throughout the solvent, a process requiring no addition of energy to the system |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath. Dyspnea is a sign of serious disease of the airway, lungs, or heart. The onset of dyspnea should not be ignored; it is reason to seek medical attention. |
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Term
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Definition
| increased resonance of voice sounds, with a high-pitched bleating quality, heard especially over lung tissue compressed by pleural effusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| speech produced by vibration of the column of air in the esophagus against the contracting cricopharyngeal sphincter; used after laryngectomy. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mass of clotted blood or other material brought by the blood from one vessel and forced into a smaller one, obstructing the circulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical incision into an artery for the removal of an embolus or clot, performed as emergency treatment for arterial embolism. The operation is done as soon as possible after a decrease in perfusion is detected. |
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Term
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Definition
| A flexible plastic tube that is put in the mouth and then down into the trachea (airway). A physician inserts an endotracheal tube under direct vision, with the help of a laryngoscope, in a procedure called endotracheal intubation. Used to ventilate the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Speech produced with air that is trapped in the esophagus and forced out again. |
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Term
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Definition
| To remove the intubation tube |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, esp. in inflammation. |
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Term
| Fenestrated tracheostomy tube |
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Definition
| Tracheostomy is a procedure to create an opening in the neck leading directly to the trachea. A fenestrated trach tube is a form of tubing inserted into the opening to assist with breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| flail chest one whose wall moves paradoxically with respiration, owing to multiple fractures of the ribs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a vibration felt on palpation |
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Term
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Definition
| metastasis that is caused by cells distributed/spread by blood |
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Term
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Definition
| the coughing up of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or airway. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition marked by an unusually high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood as a result of hypoventilation. |
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Term
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Definition
| can occur when the lungs are not functioning properly or when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the lungs for oxygenation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the partial or complete surgical removal of the larynx, usually as a treatment for cancer of the larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a procedure used to view the inside of the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of a lobe, as of the lung, brain, or liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of the tissues and organs of the mediastinum back and forth with each movement of air into and out of an open sucking wound in the thoracic cavity. The condition can produce serious impairment of cardiopulmonary function and is fatal if not treated promptly. |
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Term
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Definition
| a tube inserted (as through the nose or mouth) into the trachea to maintain an unobstructed passageway especially to deliver oxygen or anesthesia to the lungs—called also breathing tube |
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Term
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
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Definition
| Hyperthermia in reaction to the use of neuroleptic drugs, accompanied by extrapyramidal and autonomic disturbances that may be fatal. |
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Term
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Definition
| an airway catheter inserted in the trachea in endotracheal intubation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discomfort in breathing that is relieved by sitting or standing in an erect position. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bright red substance formed by the combination of hemoglobin with oxygen, present in oxygenated blood. |
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Term
| pack-year smoking history |
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Definition
| A pack-year is smoking 20 cigarettes a day for one year. If someone has smoked ten cigarettes a day for six years they would have a three pack-year history. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of breathing in which all or part of a lung inflates during inspiration and balloons out during expiration; the opposite of normal chest motion. Called also paradoxical motion. The condition seriously inhibits the movement of gases during respiration and can produce severe and even fatal cardiovascular disturbances and respiratory insufficiency if not quickly relieved by emergency treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells.[1] These phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (by hormones or cytokines) excreted by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
the functional parts of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, namely, the connective tissues.
In cancer, the parenchyma refers to the actual mutant cells of the single lineage, whereas the stroma is the surrounding connective tissue and associated cells that support it. |
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Term
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Definition
| a medical sign, audible by listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope on the lungs, that is used in the diagnosis of pleurisy and other conditions affecting the chest cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the inflammation of the lungs or pleura, when there is a damaging agent or infection that irritates its surface, thus, inflammation occurs. The pleuritic chest pain affects the individuals’ pleura which may cause a sharp or pleuritic stabbing pain in the chest. The breathing-in or coughing may make the pain worse which causes the two different parts of inflamed pleura into rubbing over to each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical procedure to remove a lung. Removal of just one lobe of the lung is specifically referred to as a lobectomy, and that of a segment of the lung as a wedge resection (or segmentectomy). |
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Term
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Definition
| the collection of air in the space around the lungs. This buildup of air puts pressure on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally does when you take a breath. |
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Term
| positive emission tomography |
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Definition
| a nuclear medicine imaging technique that produces a three-dimensional image or picture of functional processes in the body. The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer), which is introduced into the body on a biologically active molecule. |
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Term
| positive end expiratory pressure |
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Definition
| the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration.[1] The two types of PEEP are extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by a non-complete exhalation). Pressure that is applied or increased during an inspiration is termed pressure support. |
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Term
| positive pressure ventilator |
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Definition
| mechanical ventilation in which air is delivered into the airways and lungs under positive pressure, usually via an endotracheal tube, producing positive airway pressure during inspiration |
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Term
| Pressure support ventilation |
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Definition
| a spontaneous mode of vent. The patient initiates every breath & the vent. delivers support with the preset pressure value. With support from the vent, the patient also regulates their own resp rate and tidal volume. In Pressure Support, the set inspiratory press. support level is kept constant and there is a decelerating flow. The pt triggers all breaths. If there is a change in the mechanical properties of the lung/thorax and pt effort, the delivered tidal volume will be affected. The user regulates the press. support level to obtain desired ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
| a contusion (bruise) of the lung, d/t chest trauma. Damage to capillaries results in blood & other fluids filling in the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes w/gas exchange, potentially leading to hypoxia. Not like pulmonary laceration, does NOT involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal buildup of fluid in aveoli, leads to SOB. PE is often d/t CHF. When heart not pumping blood to the body well, backs up into the veins that take blood through the lungs to the left side of the heart.
As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs. This fluid reduces normal oxygen movement through the lungs. This and the increased pressure can lead to SOB. |
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Term
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Definition
| excess fluid that accumulates between the two pleural layers, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| blockage of the main artery of the lung or a branch by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body ... |
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Term
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Definition
| It is low levels of oxygen in your blood that cannot be corrected with administration of oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| the coarse rattling sound somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretion in bronchial airways. |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sudden collapse into unconsciousness due to a disorder of heart rhythm in which there is a slow or absent pulse resulting in syncope (fainting) with or without convulsions. |
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Term
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Definition
| a harsh vibrating sound heard during respiration in cases of obstruction of the air passages |
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Term
| superior vena cava syndrome |
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Definition
| usually the result of the direct obstruction of the superior vena cava by malignancies such as compression of the vessel wall by right upper lobe tumors or thymoma and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The most common malignancy that causes SVCS is bronchogenic carcinoma. Cerebral edema is rare, but if it occurs it may be fatal. |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex substance containing phospholipids and a number of apoproteins. This essential fluid is produced by the Type II alveolar cells, and lines the alveoli and smallest bronchioles. Surfactant reduces surface tension throughout the lung, thereby contributing to its general compliance. It is also important because it stabilizes the alveoli. |
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Term
| synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation |
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Definition
| periodic assisted mechanical ventilation synchronized with the patient's breathing. Spontaneous breathing by the patient occurs between the assisted mechanical breaths, which occur at preset intervals. The ventilator will provide a mechanical breath if the patient fails to do so within the set interval. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| occurs secondary to blunt or penetrating injury of the lung which results in a one-way valve being created. Air leaks from the lung out into the pleural space and is unable to escape, resulting in increased intrapleural pressure. Intrapleural pressure eventually increases to the point where it interferes with venous return, resulting in blood pooling in capacitance vessels with ensuing cardiovascular collapse and shock. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as pleural fluid analysis, thoracentesis is a procedure that removes fluid or air from the chest through a needle or tube. |
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Term
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Definition
| relating to, or constituting tidal air alternately rising and falling |
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Term
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Definition
| A blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow |
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Term
| tracheoesophageal fistula |
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Definition
| an abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea. TEF |
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Term
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Definition
| An incision in the windpipe made to relieve an obstruction to breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgery to create an opening (stoma) into the windpipe. The opening itself may also be called a tracheostomy. |
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Term
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Definition
| a fluid substance that has passed through a membrane or has been extruded from a tissue; in contrast to an exudate, it is of high fluidity and has a low content of protein, cells, or solid materials derived from cells. |
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Term
| ventilation perfusion scan |
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Definition
| A lung perfusion scan is a nuclear medicine test that produces a picture of blood flow to the lungs. A lung ventilation scan measures the ability of the lungs to take in air and uses radiopharmaceuticals to produce a picture of how air is distributed in the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| high-pitched whistling sound associated with labored breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| dryness of the mouth due to salivary gland dysfunction. |
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