Term
| Two parts of respiratory tube? |
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Definition
| Conducting and Respiratory |
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Term
| Conducting portion of respiratory? |
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Definition
| Nasal opening to terminal bronchioles |
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Term
| Respiratory portion of respiratory tube? |
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Definition
| Respiratory branchioles to alveoli |
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Term
| Fxns of conducting portion of respiratory? |
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Definition
| Deliver air, warm, moisturize, filter, olfaction, and phonation |
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Term
| Fxns of respiratory portion? |
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Definition
| Gas exchange and filtering air |
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Term
| What is the lining of the conducting portion of respiratory? |
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Definition
| Respiratory epithelium with ciliated pseduostratified columnar, goblet cells, brush cells, basal cells, and small granule cell (DNES cells) |
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Term
| Two major components of nasal cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium and then transitioning to ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory epithelium) |
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Term
| Two main regions in fossae of nasal cavity? |
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Definition
| Swell bodies and olfactory epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| Erectile tissue to prevent dehydration of mucosa |
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Term
| What are the components of the olfactory epithelium? |
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Definition
| supporting cells, olfactory bipolar cells, basal cells and brush cells |
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Term
| Role of supporting cells in olfactory epithelium? |
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Definition
| Secrete odorant binding proteins which deliver odorant to receptors (Composed of columnar cells iwth microvilli) |
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Term
| Role of olfactory bipolar cells? |
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Definition
| Odorant receptors on cilia that can detect more than one type of odorant with G protein.... When odorant binds, cAMP and Na levels increase causing depolarization |
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Term
| Basal cells in olfactory epithelium? |
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Definition
| Stem cells on basal lamina. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where are Bowman's Glands located at? |
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Definition
| Under the olfactory epithelium |
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Term
| What do Bowman's capsule's secrete? |
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Definition
| Watery (Serous) secretion to wash away odorants |
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Term
| What is a paranasal sinus? |
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Definition
| Blind cavity in the facial bone lined by thin respiratory epithelium. |
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Term
| What can occur in the paranasal sinus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lines the nasopharynx and oropharynx? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium covers the epiglottis and vocal folds and rest is respiratory epithelium |
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Term
| What structures are found in trachea and bronchi? |
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Definition
| Respiratory epithelium, glands, hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle, and neuroepithelial bodies... |
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Term
| Where is smooth muscle found in trachea and bronchi? |
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Definition
| In between rings and plates of hyaline cartilage. |
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Term
| What are neuroepithelial bodies? |
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Definition
| Mostly within bronchi and are clusters of small granule cells that are innervated and release factors to regulate blood flow to alveoli. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Key feature of bronchioles? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified) with cilia and goblet cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple cuboidal with cilia and no goblet cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Beginning of respiratory portion and has a few alveoli present. |
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Term
| Difference between proximal and terminal bronchioles? |
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Definition
| Terminal is simple cuboidal with cilia and no goblet cells and proximal is pseudostratified with cilia and goblet cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stem cells in the bronchioles that remove toxins from surface fluid. |
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Term
| Clara cells fxn in influenza? |
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Definition
| Secrete a tryptase that cleaves surface protein "hemagglutinin" and activates it. |
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Term
| What can used as a marker for lung injury? |
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Definition
| Secretion of CC16 from clara cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Site of gas exchange between blood and air!! |
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Term
| What are the components of a blood air barrier? |
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Definition
| Type 1 alveolar cells, endothelium of capillaries, and fused basal lamina of two cell types. |
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Term
| What is a type 1 alveolar cell? |
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Definition
| Has squamous epithelial over 97% of surface and found in blood/air barrier... |
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Term
| What is a Type 2 alveolar cell? |
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Definition
| Produces surfactant and is stem cell for type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells. |
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Term
| What is a fibroblast in an alveolus do? |
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Definition
| Secretes leptin under regulation of parathyroid like peptide.... Leptin will stimulate type 2 cells to produce surfactant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulate type 2 cells to secrete surfacant. |
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Term
| What does parathyroid like peptide do? |
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Definition
| Stimulate fibroblasts to secrete leptin. |
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Term
| What is macrophage role in alveolus? |
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Definition
| Eliminate particles in alveoli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Typically smoking induced which causes an increased macrophage which secrete chemo attractants for neutrophils which secrete elastase and a1 antitrypsin is inhibited which would normally cleave elastase and because we can't form elastin, there is less elasticity in alveoli. |
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Term
| What is inhibited in COPD? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is increased in COPD? |
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Definition
| macrophages and it's secretion of chemo attractants for neutrophils |
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Term
| What do neutrophils secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is role of a1 andtitrypsin? |
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Definition
| Cleave and eliminate elastase |
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Term
| What occurs with increased elastase? |
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Definition
| Decreased alveolus elasticity. |
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Term
| What occurs in asthma attack? |
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Definition
| Allergens cross bronchial epithelium and bind to mast cell (IgE receptor) and release histamine, leukotriences, and chemotactic factors and lymphocytes enter lung and release IL-13 causing smooth muscle contraction at bronchioles. |
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