Term
| 1. The _____ consists of the lungs and a system of tubes that link the site of gas exchange with the external environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. The respiratory system is subdivided into 2 main portions, the _____ and the _____. |
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Definition
| CONDUCTION PORTION, AND THE RESPIRATORY PORTION |
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Term
| 3. The _____ portion of the respiratory system is situated both outside and within the lungs, and it conveys air from the external milieu to the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. The _____ portion of the respiratory system is located strictly within the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. The supporting framework of the trachea and primary bronchi is through _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| HYALINE CARTILAGE, DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
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Term
| 6. 2 types of glands located in the trachea and primary bronchi. |
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Definition
| MUCOUS AND SEROMUCOUS GLANDS |
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Term
| 7. The epithelium of the trachea and primary bronchi are _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM, PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM |
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Term
| 8. 6 cell type located in the trachea primary bronchi. |
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Definition
| 1) BASAL, 2) GOBLET, 3) CILIATED, 4) BRUSH, 5) SEOUS, 6) DNES |
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Term
| 9. _____ cells of the trachea and primary bronchi release histamine during an allergic reaction. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. _____ makes up the upper portion of the trachea and primary bronchi. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. The trachea has 3 layers _____, _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| MUCOSA, SUBMUCOSA, AND ADVENTITIA |
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Term
| 12. The C-shaped cartilaginous rings of the trachea are found in the _____ layer. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. Respiratory epithelium is _____ epithelium. |
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Definition
| PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM |
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Term
| 14. 3 cell types of the respiratory epithelium. |
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Definition
| 1) GOBLET CELLS, 2) CILIATED COLUMNAR CELLS, 3) BASAL CELLS |
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Term
| 15. _____ cells of the respiratory epithelium constitute 90% of the cell population. |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. The cartilage of the trachea is completed by smooth muscle with is the _____ muscle. |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. _____cartilage makes up the trachea and primary bronchi. |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. The secondary bronchi is made up of _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| HYALINE CARTILAGE AND SMOOTH MUSCLE |
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Term
| 19. _____ glands are located in the secondary bronchi. |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. 6 cell types located in the secondary bronchi. |
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Definition
| 1) BASAL CELLS, 2) GOBLET CELLS, 3) CILIATED CELLS, 4) BRUSH CELLS, 5) SEROUS, 6) DNES |
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Term
| 21. 2 additional features of secondary (intrapulmonary) bronchi are that they contain plates of _____, and 2 ribbons of _____. |
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Definition
| HYALINE CARTILAGE; HELICALLY ORIENTED SMOOTH MUSCLE |
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Term
| 22. Tertiary bronchioles are made up of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. The tertiary bronchioles contains _____ glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. What type of epithelium makes up tertiary bronchioles? |
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Definition
| SIMPLE COLUMNAR TO SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM |
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Term
| 25. 3 cell types located in the tertiary bronchioles. |
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Definition
| 1) CILIATED CELLS, 2) CLARA CELLS, 3) SOMETIMES GOBLET CELLS |
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Term
| 26. 3 characteristics regarding the bronchioles. |
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Definition
| 1) LESS THAN 1 MM IN DIAMETER, 2) SUPPLY AIR TO LOBULES, 3) 2 RIBBONS OF HELICALLY ORIENTED SMOOTH MUSCLE |
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Term
| 27. The terminal bronchiole is made up of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. The terminal bronchiole contains _____ glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. What type of epithelium makes up the terminal bronchiole? |
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Definition
| SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM |
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Term
| 30. 2 cell types found in the terminal bronchiole. |
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Definition
| 1) SOME CILIATED CELLS, 2) MANY CLARA CELLS |
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Term
| 31. 3 characteristics regarding terminal bronchioles. |
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Definition
| 1) LESS THAN 0.5MM IN DIAMETER, 2) SUPPLY AIR TO LUNG ACINI, 3) SOME SMOOTH MUSCLE |
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Term
| 32. Clara cells are found in both humans and rats, but their functions are _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. 4 proposed functions of clara cells. |
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Definition
| 1) PROTECTION AGAINST DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF INHALED TOXINS AND CARCINOGENS (OXIDASE FUNCTION) , 2) PROTECTION AGAINST EMPHYSEMA (ANTIPROTEASE FUNCTION), 3) SURFACTANT PRODUCTION OR ELIMINATION, 4) POSSIBLY A STEM CELL CAPABLE OF PRODUCING OTHER TYPES OF BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS |
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Term
| 34. Each lobar bronchus (secondary bronchus) serves a _____ of the lung. |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. Each tertiary bronchus (segmental bronchus) serves a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 36. The respiratory epithelium of people chronically exposed to irritants such as cigarette smoke and coal dust undergoes reversible alterations known as _____, associated with an increase in the number of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 37. Chronic irritation of the lungs may be irreversible and may lead to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. Smokers have more _____ causing a morning cough. |
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Definition
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Term
| 39. The lining of the alveoli consists of _____ epithelium. |
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Definition
| SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM |
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Term
| 40. _____ represent about 40 of the alveolar cell population, but form 90% of the surface lining of the alveolar sac and alveoli. |
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Definition
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Term
| 41. _____ are attenuated flat cells with greatly flattened nuclei, and are joined together by tight junctions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. The thinness of type I pneumocytes contributes to the efficiency of the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. _____ represent 60% of the alveolar cell population numerically, but occupy 5-10% of the alveolar surface area. |
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Definition
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Term
| 44. Type II pneumocytes are _____ cells with round and dark staining nuclei. |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. Type II pneumocytes cytoplasm is rich in _____ and both _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| MITOCHONDRIA, SMOOTH AND ROUGH ER |
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Term
| 46. The smooth ER of type II pneumocytes functions in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 47. The rough ER of type II pneumocytes functions in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 48. Premature babies often have lung problems because they do not produce enough _____ to keep lungs from collapsing. |
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Definition
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Term
| 49. _____ is a life threatening condition in premature babies, when their lungs do not produce enough surfactant, causing collapsing of the babies lungs. |
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Definition
| RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME OF THE NEWBORN |
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Term
| 50. Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn affects babies who are _____, or whose mother has _____. |
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Definition
| PREMATURE; DIABETES MELLITUS |
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Term
| 51. The alveoli of the lungs are made up of _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| TYPE 3 COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC FIBERS |
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Term
| 52. The alveoli contain _____ glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| 53. What type of epithelium makes up the alveoli. |
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Definition
| HIGHLY ATTENUATED SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM |
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Term
| 54. What cell types make up the alveoli. |
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Definition
| TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 PNEUMOCYTES |
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Term
| 55. Alveoli contain alveolar _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 56. _____ particulate matter in the lumen of the alveolus as well as in the interalveolar spaces. |
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Definition
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Term
| 57. The _____ is the region of the interalveolar septum that is traversed by O2 and CO2 as the gasses go from the blood to the lumen of the alveolus and vice versa. |
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Definition
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Term
| 58. 3 components of the blood gas barrier. |
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Definition
| 1) SURFACTANT AND TYPE 1 PNEUMOCYTES, 2) FUSED BASAL LAMINA OF TYPE 1 PNEUMOCYTES AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF THE CAPILLARY, 3) ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF THE CONTINUOUS CAPILLARY |
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Term
| 59. The _____ is the membrane between the capillary and alveoli where gas exchange takes place. |
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Definition
| FUSED BASAL LAMINA (RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE) |
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Term
| 60. _____ is a chronic obstructive airway disease caused by a combination of bronchoconstriction and excessive production of mucous, both of which obstruct the airways. |
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Definition
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Term
| 61. _____ is a chronic obstructive airway disease in which the bronchial walls are thickened by a combination of muscle layer thickening and an increase in the number and size of the mucous glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| 62. _____ is a chronic obstructive airway disease characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli, with permanent dilation of the air spaces causing a loss of the lung elasticity. |
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Definition
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Term
| 63. _____ is a disorder that causes infertility in men and chronic respiratory tract infections in both sexes. It is caused by immobility of cilia and flagella induced. |
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Definition
| KARTAGENER SYNDROME (IMMOTILE CILIA SYNDROME) |
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Term
| 64. In some cases of kartagener syndrome there is a deficiency of _____, which is a protein that functions in ciliary movement. |
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Definition
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