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Respiratory Embryology
Raja Test 2
47
Anatomy
Professional
02/28/2012
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Term
1.     The lungs begin to develop in the _____ week, and begin to mature _____.
 Definition
4TH WEEK; JUST BEFORE BIRTH
Term
2.     The respiratory system originates as a _____ that undergoes a controlled series of branching.
 Definition
FOREGUT DIVERTICULUM
Term
3.     The respiratory system is an outgrowth of the _____.
 Definition
VENTRAL WALL OF THE FOREGUT
Term
4.     The epithelium of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli originates in the _____.
 Definition
ENDODERM
Term
5.     The cartaliginous, muscular, and connective tissue components of the respiratory system arise in the _____.
 Definition
MESODERM
Term
6.     In the 4th week of fetal life, the development of the _____ separates the trachea from the foregut, dividing the foregut into the lung bud anteriorly and the esophagus posteriorly.
 Definition
ESOPHAGEAL SEPTUM
Term
7.     Contact between the lungs and the esophagus is maintained through the _____.
 Definition
LARYNX
Term
8.     The larynx is formed by the _____ and _____ pharyngeal arches.
 Definition
4TH AND 6TH
Term
9.     The lung bud develops into _____.
 Definition
2 PRIMARY BRONCHI
Term
10.  The right primary bronchi forms _____ and _____.
 Definition
3 SECONDARY BRONCHI AND 3 LOBES
Term
11.  The left primary bronchi forms _____ and _____.
 Definition
2 SECONDARY BRONCHI, AND 2 LOBES
Term
12.  Faulty partitioning of the foregut by the esophagotracheal septum causes _____ and _____.
 Definition
ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA AND TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA
Term
13.  The maturation of the lungs is divided into these 4 periods.
 Definition
1) PSEUDOGLANDULAR PERIOD, 2) CANALICULAR PERIOD, 3) TERMINAL SAC PERIOD, 4) ALVEOLAR PERIOD
Term
14.  _____ is when the lung bud branching has continued to reach the terminal bronchioles. No respiratory bronchioles or alveoli are present.
 Definition
PSEUDOGLANDULAR PERIOD
Term
15.  The pseudoglandular period occurs between weeks _____ and _____.
 Definition
5-16 WEEKS
Term
16.  _____ is when each terminal bronchiole divides into 2 or more respiratory bronchioles, which in turn divides into 3-6 alveolar ducts.
 Definition
CANALICULAR PERIOD
Term
17.  The canalicular period occurs between weeks _____ and _____.
 Definition
16-26 WEEKS
Term
18.  _____ is when the terminal sacs form, and capillaries establish close contact.
 Definition
TERMINAL SAC PERIOD
Term
19.  The terminal sac period occurs between _____ to _____.
 Definition
26 WEEKS TO BIRTH
Term
20.  _____ is when mature alveoli have well-developed epithelial endothelial (capillary) contacts.
 Definition
ALVEOLAR PERIOD
Term
21.  The alveolar period lasts from _____ to _____.
 Definition
8 MONTHS TO CHILDHOOD
Term
22.  There is _____ in the maturation of the lungs from child to child.
 Definition
VARIATION
Term
23.  _____ is an embryonic form of connective tissue that can be converted into bone, muscle, ligaments, etc…
 Definition
MESENCHYME
Term
24.  In the _____ month of development, gas exchange between the blood and air in the primitive alveoli is possible.
 Definition
7TH
Term
25.  The secondary bronchi divide repeatedly in a _____ fashion forming _____ tertiary bronchi in the right lung, and _____ tertiary bronchi in the left lung.
 Definition
DICHOTOMOUS FASHION, 10, 8
Term
26.  The dichotomous fashion of bronchial dividing creates the _____ of the adult lung.
 Definition
BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENT
Term
27.  By the end of the 6th month, approximately _____ generations of subdivisions have formed.
 Definition
17
Term
28.  Before the bronchial tree reaches its final shape, an additional _____ divisions form during postnatal life.
 Definition
6
Term
29.  Before birth, the lungs are filled with _____, _____ and _____.
 Definition
SURFACTANT, MUCUS, AND FLUID WITH LITTLE PROTEIN
Term
30.  Surfactant is formed by _____, and produces a phospholipid coat in the alveolar membrane.
 Definition
TYPE 2 PNEUMOCYTES
Term
31.  At the beginning of respiration, the lung fluid is reabsorbed except for the _____, which prevents the collapse of the alveoli during expiration by reducing the surface tension at the air blood capillary interface.
 Definition
SURFACTANT COAT
Term
32.  Absent of insufficient _____ in the premature baby causes RDS because of the collapse of the primitive alveoli.
 Definition
SURFACTANT
Term
33.  Growth of the lungs after birch is primarily due to an increase in the number of _____ and _____, not to an increase in the size of the alveoli.
 Definition
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES, AND ALVEOLI
Term
34.  New alveoli are formed during the first _____ years of postnatal life.
 Definition
10 YEARS
Term
35.  Abnormal _____ can form in the lung or other parts of the respiratory tract.
 Definition
CYSTS
Term
36.  Pulmonary cysts can range from large _____ to numerous _____ located throughout the parenchyma of the lung.
 Definition
SINGLE CYST, SMALL CYSTS
Term
37.  Pulmonary cysts may be associated with _____.
 Definition
POLYCYSTIC KIDNEYS
Term
38.  If pulmonary cysts are numerous, they can cause _____.
 Definition
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
Term
39.  _____ is the association of a number of congenital anomalies.
 Definition
VACTERL
Term
40.  V of VACTERL stands for _____.
 Definition
VERTEBRAL ANOMALIES
Term
41.  A of VACTERL stands for _____.
 Definition
ANAL ATRESIA
Term
42.  C of VACTERL stands for _____.
 Definition
CARDIAC AND COLON ANOMALIES
Term
43.  T of VACTERL stands for _____.
 Definition
TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA
Term
44.  E of VACTERL stands for _____.
 Definition
ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
Term
45.  R of VACTERL stands for _____.
 Definition
RENAL ANOMALIES
Term
46.  L of VACTERL stands for _____.
 Definition
LIMB DEFECTS
Term
47.  If a child has one congenital anomaly, _____.
 Definition
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