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Respiratory drugs
Respiratory drugs/ nursing pharmacology
41
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
03/03/2011

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Term
characteristics of an asthmatic lung:
Definition
inflammation, lower airway obstrucion, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway remodeling
Term
the airways are no longer calm
Definition
airway hyperresponsiveness
Term
so you grow out of asthma?
Definition
no
Term
two phases of asthma:
Definition
early reaction & late reation
Term
how long does the acute phase of asthma last?
Definition
about 2 hours
Term
how long does it take before the late phase response occurs?
Definition
about 4-6 hours after the 1st response and lasts about 6 hours
Term
when does remodeling occur?
Definition
during the late-phase response
Term
this is the 4th leading cause of death in the USA
Definition
COPD
Term
medications used for quick asthma relief
Definition
corticosteroids, short-acting B2 agonists, methylxanthines, anticholinergics
Term
medications used in long term control of asthma
Definition
inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyns, leukotrine modifiers, long acting B2 agonists, sustained release methylxanthines, antagonism of IgE
Term
short term beta agonists
Definition
epinephrine, ephedrine (may cause cardiac arrythmias)
Term
safer short term B agonists
Definition
terbutaline, albuterol, biolterol, levalbuterol
Term
what is the duration of action for the B2 beta receptor agonists
Definition
4-6 hours
Term
long-acting beta agonists
Definition
formoterol, salmeterol
Term
side effects of LABAs
Definition
hypotension, hypertension, vascular headaches, tremors, tolerance.
Term
plant-derived alkaolids
Definition
methylxanthines
Term
inhibit phosphodiasterase which leads to smooth mucsle relaxation and inhibits the release from mast cells
Definition
methylxanthines
Term
natural forms of methylxanthines
Definition
theophylline, caffine
Term
synthetic methylxanthines
Definition
aminophyline, dyphilline, oxtriphyline
Term
things that increase clearance of methylxanthines
Definition
smoking, high protein low carb diets, bbq, age
Term
things that cause decreased clearance of methylxanthines
Definition
congestive heart failure, liver disease, pneumonia, viral infection, high-carbohydrated diet
Term
atropine, ipatropium, tiotropium
Definition
muscarinic cholinergic antagonists
Term
what are muscarinic cholinergic antagonists usually prescribed for?
Definition
COPD
Term
side effects of muscarinic cholinergic antagonists
Definition
bitter taste, dryness of mouth and airway, headache.
Term
these drugs can actually modify gene transcription of inflammatory genes and increases transcription of anti inflammatory genes
Definition
corticosteroids
Term
these corticosteroids are prodrugs and have the fewest side effects
Definition
beclomethasone, ciclesonide
Term
triamcinoline, fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, mometasone, beclomethasone, ciclesonide
Definition
corticosteroids
Term
oral corticosteroids
Definition
prednisone, prednisolone
Term
these are stabilizing medications and must be taken before any reaction occurs. They inhibit cl channels and block inflammatory mediators
Definition
Cromolyns
Term
how long does it take for a cromolyn to become effective?
Definition
several weeks
Term
cromolyn is given to what age groups? and nedocromil is given to what age group?
Definition
children; people older than 12
Term
leukotriene-synthesis inhibitor
Definition
zileuton
Term
leukotriene receptor antagonists
Definition
montelukast, zafirlukast
Term
how long is the duration for leukotriene modifiers?
Definition
24 h
Term
severe side effect of Leukotriene Modifiers
Definition
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Term
which class of asthma drugs has the most drug interactions?
Definition
Leukotriene modifiers
Term
Anti-IgE antibody drug used to treat moderate-to-severe asthma.
Definition
omalizumab
Term
most serious side effect of anti Ig-E antibodies
Definition
developing a sensitivity to the antibody and going into anaphylactic shock. Also there is an increased risk of cancer
Term
most common asthma drug delivery method
Definition
MDI
Term
combination therapies
Definition
budesonide+formeterol fumerate
fluticasone proprionate+salmeterol xinofate
Term
symptoms of controlled asthma
Definition
day symptoms:less than 2x/week
night symptoms: less than 2x per month
oral steroids use less than 2x/year
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