A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.
D) moving air into and out of the lungs.
NOT* circulation of blood to the body tissues
Term
The function of the nasal conchae is to
Definition
D) create turbulence in the air so as to trap small particulates in mucus.
Term
3. Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except,
Definition
A) filtering the air.
B) warming the air.
C) humidifying the air.
NOT** D) acting as a reservoir during coughing.
Term
4. The vocal folds are located in the
Definition
C) larynx.
Term
5. The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the _____ cartilage.
Definition
E) epiglottis
Term
6. The large, shield-shaped cartilage that makes up most of the anterior surface of the larynx is the _____ cartilage.
Definition
A) thyroid
Term
7. The ring-shaped cartilage that serves as a base for the larynx is the _____ cartilage.
Definition
D) cricoid
Term
8. The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the
Definition
A) trachea.
Term
The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree.
1. secondary bronchi
2. pharynx
3. primary bronchi
4. respiratory bronchioles
5. alveoli
6. terminal bronchioles
7. larynx
Definition
The order in which air passes through these structures is
2. pharynx
7. larynx
3. primary bronchi
1. secondary bronchi
6. terminal bronchioles
4. respiratory bronchioles
5. alveoli
Term
10. The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are
Definition
alveoli
Term
11. Air moves out of the lungs because
Definition
B) the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration.
Term
12. Gas volume is…
Definition
C) inversely proportional to pressure.
Term
13. When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,
Definition
A) the volume of the thorax increases.
Term
14. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the
Definition
A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
Term
19. The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the
Definition
B) lower respiratory tract.
Term
20. The _____ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.
Definition
pharynx
Term
22. What is inside your stomach that helps break food down into a thick liquid paste?
Definition
b) acids and enzymes
Term
23. What are the tiny finger-like projections called that are inside the small intestine? These tiny finger-like projections absorb the nutrients form the food and send the vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and fats into our bloodstream.
Definition
c) villi
Term
24. After the food leaves our stomach it heads into which part of the digestive system?
Definition
c) small intestine
Term
25. What is removed from the undigested food when it is in the Large Intestine?
Definition
a) water
Term
26. The enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch is called:
Definition
A) amylase
Term
27. Which is the salivary glands in the human?
Definition
A) parotid
C) submandibular
D) sublingual
Term
28. The small intestine has 3 regions. The first region is called the:
Definition
A) duodenum
Term
29. The ______ connects the pharynx to the stomach.
Definition
esophogus
Term
30. Bile is produced in the ________ and stored in the ___________.
Definition
C) liver; gall bladder
Term
32. One major function of the large intestine is to:
Definition
absorb water
Term
33. The pyloric sphincter controls movement of food from the _____ to the _____.
Definition
C) stomach; small intestine
Term
34. The innermost lining of the esophagus or stomach is called the:
Definition
mucosa
Term
35. The muscular contractions that occur all along the digestive tract and which move food along are called:
Definition
B) peristalsis
Term
37. The digestion of starch begins:
Definition
oral cavity
Term
38. The emulsification of fats occurs as a result of:
Definition
bile
Term
Bacteria in the large intestine produce:
Definition
b. folic acid
c. vitamin K
Term
41. Which of these compounds is not produced by the pancreas?
Definition
b. Carbohydrates
c. Insulin
d. Bicarbonate ions
a. enzymes
Term
42. Which functions are true of the liver?
Definition
converts glucose to glycogen
produces bile
stores vitamins
detoxifies
NOT TRUE*** digests fats
Term
Describe the tissue lining the respiratory tract
Definition
ciliated epithelium
Term
What does a long term smoker do?
Definition
Cough; nicotene deadens motility of cilia so the cilia cant help brush the mucous out of the airway
Term
larynx consists of what kind of HYALINE cartilages?
Definition
thyroid & cricoid(ring shaped)
Term
How many/what lobes are on the right side of the lung?
Definition
3
Superior
Middle
inferior
Term
How many/what lobes are on the left side of the lung?
Definition
2
Superior
Inferior
Term
Broncioles in order
Definition
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
Term
Delivers air into alveoli(where gas exchange occurs)
Definition
Respiratory bronchioles
Term
Lack cartilage, smallest division, walls are primarily smooth muscle
Definition
Bronchioles
Term
Because bronchioles lack cartilage
Definition
They are able to dialate and constrict to create air flow
Term
What is the alveoli covered in externally
Definition
Capillary beds (pulmonary capillaries)
Term
Under the capillaries in alvoei
Definition
elastic fibers(they are able to recoil after expansion of inhalation)
Term
Makes up wall of alveoli-simple squamous epithelial
Definition
Type 1 cells
Term
The thin nature of the cell enhances diffusion od oxygen and CO2
Definition
type 1 cells
Term
Part of the alveoli wall (sparce); Produces surfactant
Definition
Type 2 cells
Term
Reduction of surface tension(tendency of wet surfaces to want to stick together)
Definition
Surfactant
Term
Picks up debris/waste throughout the alveoli; mobil
Definition
Alveolar macrophages
(phagocytic)
Term
Equalizes air pressure throughout the lungs
Definition
alveolar pores
Term
The respiratory membrane consists of 2 layers
Definition
Simple squamous endothelial cell of the pulmonary capillary
&
simple squamous endothelial cell of the alveolis
Term
The respiratory membrance is very small in diameter to alllow what?
Definition
enhances the diffusion of respiratory gases across the membrane
Term
Where does oxygen move through the respiratory membrane?
Definition
from the alveolar airspace into the pulmonary capillary
Term
Where does carbon dioxide move through the respiratory membrane?
Definition
From pulmonary capillaries to alveolar airspace to be exhaled
(moves from areas of high concentration to love concentration)
Term
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
-Mechanical process
Definition
pulmonary ventilation
Term
muscles involved in normal breathing
Definition
diaphragm & intercostal muscles
Term
When volume increases in the thoracic activiy, pressure ___?
Definition
decreases!!! (allows air to flow into the lungs)
Term
Part of the cervical plexus, innervates diaphragm(this allows it to contract and relax to allow for respiration/ventilation)
Definition
frenic nerve
Term
Check all of the following that are components of the conducting portion of the respiratory system.
Definition
Nose
Nasal cavity
Larynx
Trachea
Term
conducts air; contains auditory tubules
Definition
nasopharynx
Term
conducts air and food; terminates at esophogus
Definition
laryngopharynx
Term
conducts air and food; contains palatine tonsils
Definition
oropharynx
Term
The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the
Definition
nasal septum
Term
1. Covers the outer lung surfaces
Definition
visceral pleura
Term
2. Internal thoracic walls
Definition
parietal pleura
Term
Which of the following is true about the pleural cavity?
Definition
Term
The right lung has ________ lobes, and the left lung has ________ lobes.
Definition
three; two
Term
1. Engulf microorganisms or particulate material
Definition
Alveolar macrophages
Term
Type I alveolar cells are...
Definition
Term
It is the day of your final exam, and you take a deep breath before entering your classroom. What muscles are involved in this deep inhalation?
Definition
Diapgragm
Scalene muscles
External intercostal
Serrtus posterios
Term
During inhalation, the thoracic cavity ___________; during exhalation, the thoracic cavity ___________.
