1. Exchanging gasses

2. Absorbing nutrients

3.Disposing of waste

4. Maintaining homeostasis

Single opening canal lined with a body wall only 2 cells thick.

ex. Hydra (cnidarians), Planarians (flatworms)

made up of hemolymph, heart(s), and sinuses

ex Grasshoppers: arthropoda

made up of blood, interstitial fluid, heart(s), and blood vessels.

Faster movement of blood because of blood vessels

Ex. Worms and vertebrates

more muscular than veins

Carry blood away from the heart

carry blood to the heart

lack recoil properties of arteries

contain flaps to prevent backflow

microscopic vessels

thin walls one cell thick allow substances to enter and leave the blood flow exchange substances between interstitial fluid and blood.

red blood cell

carry oxygen

contains millions of mol. of hemoglobin/cell

molecule formed when oxygen binds loosely with hemoglobin.

releases oxygen in an environment of low partial pressure

not efficiently carried by hemoglobin

1. 35% binds to hemoglobin

2. 65% changed into carbonic acid by carbonic anhyrase on RBC's

carbonic acid ionizes to form h+ and bicarbonate ions

H+ plus a potassium salt of hemoglobin forms acid hemoglobin + K bicarbonate

3. 5% is dissolved in the plasma

1. erythrocites

2. hemoglobin

3. oxygen

4. carbon dioxide

5. leukocytes

6. platelets

7. serum

leukocytes

and 5 types

white blood cells

responsible for protecting body against foriegn protiens

1. monocytes- ameboid phagocytes

2. neutrophils- ameboid phagocytes

3.eosinohils- detoxify histomine- like secretions

4. basophils- produce anticoagulantes

5. lymphocytes immunity; B cells and T cells

blood clotting

convert fibrogen to fibrin