Term
| What is the formula for respiration? |
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Respiration that uses oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Respiration that does not use oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| The first step in cellular respiration |
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Term
| Why is glycolysis considered to be an ancient process? |
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Definition
| It occurs in the cytoplasm (it is not associated with an organelle), it does not use oxygen, all forms of respiration begin with it, all organisms use it |
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Term
| What are the products for glycolysis? |
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Definition
| 2 pyruvate, 2ATP, and 2 NADH |
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Term
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Definition
| It is an electron carrier, similar to NADPH. |
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Term
| What is the second step of aerobic respiration? Where does it occur? |
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Definition
The Krebs Cycle
It occurs in the mitochondrion |
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Term
| What are the products of the Krebs cycle? |
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Definition
| We get 6 CO2, 2 ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2 |
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Term
| What is the third step of aerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| The electron transport chain (ETC) |
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Term
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Definition
| The electron carriers deliver their electrons to the ETC. As the electrons are passed from one protein to another, H ions are pumped across the membrane. The electrons combine with oxygen to make water. |
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Term
| How does the ETC make ATP? |
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Definition
| The H ions that have been pumped across the membrane can return to the middle of the mitochondria by flowing through a protein "water wheel" called ATP synthase. The flow of H ions produces 32 ATP |
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Term
| Where is the ETC located? |
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Definition
| Along the folded inner membrane of the mitochondrion |
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Term
| Where is all of the carbon dioxide that you exhale made? |
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Definition
| Inside the mitochondria of your cells during the Krebs cycle |
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Term
| During respiration, where do the carbon atoms of glucose end up? |
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Definition
| As the carbon atoms in carbon dioxide |
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Term
| What is the role of the oxygen you breathe in? |
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Definition
| It acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC. |
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Term
| What happens when your oxygen supply is cut off? |
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Definition
| When there is no oxygen available to act as a final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC, the flow of electrons is stopped. H ions are no longer pumped across the membrane so ATP cannot be made since H ion will no longer flow through ATP synthase |
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Term
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Definition
| Another kind of electron carrier, like NADH |
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Term
| What is another name for anaerobic respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the cell does fermentation occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP are made during fermentation? |
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Definition
| 2 ATP are made in glycolysis |
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Term
| Why do cells do fermentation? |
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Definition
| In order to make a small amount of ATP when oxygen is unavailable |
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Term
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Definition
| A process done by yeast and some bacteria |
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Term
| What are the products of alcoholic fermentation? |
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Definition
| alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP |
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Term
| Why are beer and champagne fizzy? |
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Definition
| Because the carbon dioxide that is made during fermentation is captured in the liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of fermentation done by some microorganisms and some of our body cells |
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Term
| What are the products of lactic acid fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What products are formed by microorganisms doing lactic acid fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do your cells do lactic acid fermentation? |
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Definition
| When we exercise so hard that the body cannot supply enough oxygen to all our cells |
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Term
| How do we recognize lactic acid fermentation? |
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Definition
| Our muscles become fatigued (tired) and sore |
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Term
| Why might a person suffer brain damage when their oxygen supply is cut off? |
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Definition
| Because the cells of the nervous system, like the brain, cannot do fermentation. So as soon as oxygen is cut off, cells begin to die. |
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Term
| How are respiration and photosynthesis related? |
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Definition
The reactants of one process are the products of the other.
They are the same reaction running in opposite directions. |
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Term
| Why do we have a warm body temperature? |
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Definition
| Respiration extracts some of the energy stored in glucose but some energy is lost as heat |
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Term
| What organelle is the site of aerobic respiration? |
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Definition
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