Term
|
Definition
external: breathing and exchange of blood gases with atmosphere
internal: distribution/carriage of the gases O2 and CO2 in the body
cellular: oxidative metabolism
(Glucose + O2 → CO2 + H2O) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from mouth to terminal bronchioles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Puncture of the pleura breaks seal and lungs recoil - collapse
air gets into thorax (pluera, mediastinum, etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 21% * 760 mmHg = 160 mmHg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the pressure required above the surface to prevent more dissolution or evaporation.
Amount of gas in solution. |
|
|
Term
| ppO2 at locations in the body |
|
Definition
Atmospheric: 160 mmHg
Alveolar air: 100 mmHg
Venous Blood: 40 mmHg |
|
|
Term
| ppCO2 at location in the body |
|
Definition
Atmospheric: 0.3 mmHg
Alveolar air: 40 mmHg
Venous Blood: 47 mmHg |
|
|
Term
| Things that lower 02 uptake |
|
Definition
lowering barometric pressure (increase altitude)
or
breathing a lower proportion of O2 (eg a high N2 mixture)
will lower the pressure head and reduce maximum possible O2 uptake by tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Reason for internal ppO2 drop |
|
Definition
water vapour in air is 47 mmHg
760mmHg - 47 mmHg = 713*21% = 149mmHg
continues to drop as 02 gets draw out into blood and CO2 gets draw out of blood |
|
|
Term
| Haemoglobin dissociation curve |
|
Definition
flat/loading portion
steep/dissociation portion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pO2 in the blood can be up to 100mmHg
in healthy animal can reach 100mmHg in .25s
Blood is generally over the alveoli for .75s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lack of blood to the body due to anaemia
low haemoglobin leads to low O2 content in the blood. pressure still reaches 100mmHg still
with normal PaO2
no carotid receptor response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lack of blood to the body due to lack of air
Increased lung barrier thickness or airway occlusion or low atmospheric pO2
leads to low ppO2 and low 02 content
with Low PaO2
strong carotid receptor response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When exercise begins demand if 02 is higher than can be provided, so I debt is created, that eventually evens out. When exercise is ceased the debt is repaid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Citrate synthase: ATP is allosteric inhibitor – increases KM for acetyl CoA
Isocitrate dehydrogenase: Inhibited by NADH (displaces NAD+)and ATP. Activated by NAD+ (enhances affinity for substrates) and ADP.
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: Inhibited by succinyl CoA, NADH (products of the reaction it catalyses) and ATP (high energy charge). |
|
|
Term
| Glycolysis Important Intermediates |
|
Definition
Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oxidation of reduced nucleotides reduces O2 and H2O and pumps protons out
within mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Complex I
Complex II
Ubiquinone
Complex III
Cytochrome C
Complex IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diabetes mellitus: endocrine/carbohydrate/lipid
Bovine ketosis: demands on energy supply
Equine hyperlipidemia: demands on energy supply |
|
|
Term
Bovine Ketosis
predisposing factors |
|
Definition
High yielding dairy cows at peak lactation
Milk production priority over physiological processes
Feed intake insufficient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Glucose used for energy & for lactose sysnthesis, leads to low blood glucose.
Adipose tissue mobilised leading to increased fatty acid
Fatty acid to LIVER, releases ketones (b-OH butyrate)
Ketones in blood leads to ketoacidosis.
Lower production & loss of body condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Disease of ponies rather than thoroughbreds
Fat ponies in late pregnancy
negative energy balance
excess release of Fatty Acids from adipose
excess formation of Triglycerides in liver
increase in blood TG
excess very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) released |
|
|
