Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Osmotic laxative
SE - abdo cramps, dont give to kids, PEG no cramps or flatus |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Faecal softeners (surfactant) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LOPERAMIDE
(opioid)
- decreases activity of myenteric plexus, not cross BBB |
|
|
Term
Motion sickness
Vomiting from pain or repulsion |
|
Definition
HYOSCINE
Antimuscarinic
SE - Blurred vision, urinary retention, dry mouth, drowsiness |
|
|
Term
| Motion or morning sickness |
|
Definition
Antihistamines
ie H1 receptor antagonist
NOT in chemo
SE - Many are sedating
Blurred vision, urinary retention, dry mouth, drowsiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
METOCLOPRAMIDE
D2 receptor antagonist
Also facilitates gastric emptying |
|
|
Term
Acute phase emesis
Chemo nausea/vomiting
Postoperative vomiting |
|
Definition
ONDANSETRON
5HT3 antagonist
SE - constipation |
|
|
Term
| Asthma - predominantly neutrophils |
|
Definition
| NOT steroids, as can be resistant to it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SALBUTAMOL
Short acting beta-2 agonist
SE - Tachycardia (B1), Muscle tremor (B2), Tolerance with overuse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EFORMETEROL (use with budesonide)
LABA
SE - Tachycardia (B1), Muscle tremor (B2), Tolerance with overuse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FLUTICASONE (use with salmeterol)
Glucocorticoid
SE - Suppress response to infection, Suppress endongenous glucocorticou, Cataracts, glaucoma, behavioural disturbances, Cushing’s syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Asthma - aspirin and exercise induced |
|
Definition
Cyteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists
do NOT give non-selective COX inhibitors
SE - limited - liver function may be impaired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ipratropium bromide
(then + salbutamol, then add theophylline)
Inhibits muscarinic activation
SE - Anti-SLUD = salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symptomatic (paracetamol, decongestant - alpha-adrenoceptor agonist) |
|
|
Term
Severe sinusitis (>7 days)
** first choice |
|
Definition
AMOXYCILLIN
SE - Few, Rash, excreted by kidneys so reduce in renal failure |
|
|
Term
Severe sinusitis (>7 days)
** penicillin sensitive people |
|
Definition
CEPHALEXIN
Cyclosporin
SE - Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, Rare - neurotoxicity |
|
|
Term
Severe sinusitis (>7 days)
** penicillin sensitive people |
|
Definition
DOXYCYCLINE
NOT to kids <8 yrs old
SE - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, Chelate Ca2+ on bones and teeth - discoloured teeth, Hepatotoxic, renal damage, photosensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Pharyngitis/tonsilitis & Other upper resp tract infections |
|
Definition
ERYTHROMYCIN
SE - GI upset, Potential ototoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GENTAMICIN
SE - Fungal overgrowth, Potential ototoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most have little effect
Can use AMOXYCILLIN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Symptomatic
If suspect pertussis - ERYTHROMYCIN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AMOXYCILLIN
Can add DOXYCYLINE if certain types suspected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RIFAMPICIN
Used in combo as resistance develops easily
A lot of drug interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ISONIAZID
Only in antimycobacterial
Always in combo - resistance develops easily
SE - Allergic skin reactions, Fever, hepatotoxicity, haematological changes |
|
|
Term
| Peptic ulcer - (non most effective) |
|
Definition
RANITIDINE
H2 receptor antagonist
SE - Very low incidence of SEs, Headache, dizziness, rash, Interfere CYP450 (warfarin, phenytoin), Decreased absorption with antacids |
|
|
Term
| Peptic ulcer - most effective in anti-ulcer therapy |
|
Definition
ESOMEPRAZOLE
Proton pump inhibitor
SE - Extremely safe, Inhibit CYP450 (warfarin, phenytoin) |
|
|
Term
| Peptic ulcer - (non most effective) |
|
Definition
Anticholinergics
SE - anti-SLUD |
|
|
Term
| Peptic Ulcer - Mucosal protective agent |
|
Definition
Sucralfate
SE - Constipation, inhibit absorption of some other drugs |
|
|
Term
Peptic Ulcer - Mucosal protective agent - Only in patients using NSAID's with high risk of ulcer
NOT during pregnancy |
|
Definition
Prostaglandins
SE - Pain worsen initially, diarrhoea, nausea, headache, uterine contraction - NOT in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Peptic Ulcer - Mucosal protective agent - not first line |
|
Definition
Bismuth chelate
SE - Black stools and tongue, dont use for long periods
NOT with meals, antacids, or other meds |
|
|
Term
| Peptic ulcer - more so duodenal than gastric |
|
Definition
Antacid
SE - Al3+ = constipation, Mg2+ = diarrhoea, Interacts with several drugs |
|
|
Term
| Peptic Ulcer - H. Pylori treatment |
|
Definition
Bismuth chelate
SE - Black stools and tongue, dont use for long periods
NOT with meals, antacids, or other meds |
|
|
Term
| Peptic Ulcer - H. Pylori treatment |
|
Definition
AMOXYCILLIN
SE - Few, Rash, excreted by kidneys so reduce in renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Peptic Ulcer - H. Pylori treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptic Ulcer - H. Pylori treatment |
|
Definition
METRONIDAZOLE
SE - GI disturbances, metallic taste, headache, dizziness and thrombophlebitis with I.V. administration |
|
|
Term
| Peptic Ulcer - best triple therapy |
|
Definition
| PPI + METRONIDAZOLE + AMOXYCILLIN or clarythromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ESOMEPRAZOLE
PPI
SE - Extremely safe
Inhibit CYP450 (warfarin, phenytoin) |
|
|
Term
| Reflux - not drug of choice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reflux - not drug of choice |
|
Definition
RANITADINE
H2 receptor antagonist
Very low incidence of SEs, Headache, dizziness, rash, Interfere CYP450 (warfarin, phenytoin), Decreased absorption with antacids |
|
|
Term
| Reflux - not drug of choice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Amoebiasis (traveling)
**asymptomatic patient** |
|
Definition
PAROMOMYCIN
(similar to GENTAMICIN)
aminoglycoside
**restricted use**
SE - Nausea, abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhoea
More GI absorption = risk ototoxicity and hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
Amoebiasis (traveling)
**invasive disease** |
|
Definition
METRONIDAZOLE or TINIDAZOLE
+ luminal ameobicide
SE - Metronidazole has MORE side effects
Nausea, headaches, dry mouth, metallic taste
Interacts with alcohol (severe nausea and vomiting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
METRONIDAZOLE or TINIDAZOLE
SE - Nausea, headaches, dry mouth, metallic taste
Interacts with alcohol (severe nausea and vomiting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
METRONIDAZOLE or TINIDAZOLE
All sexual partners treated
SE - Nausea, headaches, dry mouth, metallic taste
Interacts with alcohol (severe nausea and vomiting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaria - acute suppression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Benzimidazole
SE - Teratogenic in animal studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug of choice for mixed intestinal worm infections (also effective against some protozoa, eg giardia) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ALBENDAZOLE or pyrantel
SE - mild GIT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ALBENDAZOLE or mebendazole
SE - mild GIT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ALBENDAZOLE or mebendazole
SE - mild GIT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PRIZIQUANTEL
SE - GI intolerance, nausea etc, Well absorbed from GIT
More marked with heavy worm infestation |
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