Term
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
Causes
Symptoms
Tests
Tx |
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Definition
Causes:
Congenital
Endocarditis
Rheumatic Fever
Symptoms:
Fainting
SOB
Palpitations
Cyanosis
Poor weight gain
Tests:
Cardiac catheterization
ECG
Chest-Xray
Echocardiogram
Treatment:
Prostaglandins
Dieuretics
Anti-arrhythmics
Blood thinners
Valvuloplasty |
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Term
Respiratory Acidosis
causes
sx
tests
tx |
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Definition
Build-up of Carbon Dioxide in the lungs that causes acid-base imbalances and the body becomes acidic
Causes:
COPD
Airway obstruction
Hypoventilation syndrome
severe scoliosis
severe asthma
sx
chronic cough
Wheezing
SOB
Confusion
Fatigue
Tests:
CT scan
ABG
PFT |
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Term
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Definition
Causes:
Trauma
Chemical inhalation
Pneumonia
Septic shock
Symptoms:
Low BP
Rapid breathing
SOB
cyanosis
Tests:
ABG
CBC
Cultures
Treatment:
Echocardiogram
Auscultation
Cyanosis
Chest X-ray
Monitor the Patient for:
Pulmonary fibrosis
Multiple system organ failure
Ventilator associated pneumonia
Acidosis
Respiratory failure
Tx
Mechanical Ventilation
Treat the underlying condition |
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Term
| Resp alkolosis- causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
Causes:
Anxiety
Fever
Hyperventilation
Symtpoms:
Dizziness
Numbness
Treatment:
Paper bag technique
Increase carbon dioxide levels
Tests:
ABG
Chest X-ray
Pulmonary function tests |
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Term
| RSV (Respiratory synctial virus)- sx, tests, monitoring, tx |
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Definition
Symptoms:
Fever
SOB
Cyanosis
Wheezing
Nasal congestion
Tests:
ABG
Chest X-ray
Monitor the patient for:
Pneumonia
Respiratory failure
Otitis Media
Treatment:
Ribvirin
Ventilator in severe cases
IV fluids
Bronchodilators |
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Term
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Definition
viruses the primary cause in young children, bacteria the primary cause in adults.
Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
Types of pneumonia:
Viral pneumonia
Walking pneumonia
Legionella pneumonia
CMV pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia
Legionella pneumonia
Symptoms:
Fever
Headache
Ribvirin
SOB
Chest pain
Tests:
Chest X-ray
Pulmonary perfusion scan
CBC
Cultures of sputum
Presence of crackles
Treatment:
Antibiotics if caused by a bacterial infection
Respiratory treatments
Steroids
IV fluids
Vaccine treatments |
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Term
| Pulmonary actinomycosis- cuases, sx, tests, monitoring |
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Definition
Causes:
Microorganisms
Symptoms:
Pleural effusions
Facial lesions
Chest pain
Cough
Weight loss
Fever
Tests:
CBC
Lung biopsy
Thoracentesis
CT scan
Bronchoscopy
Monitor patient for:
Emphysema
Meningitis
Osteomyelitis |
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Term
| Alveolar proteinosis: causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
A build-up of a phospholipid in the lungs were carbon dioxide and oxygen
are transferred.
Causes:
May be associated with infection
Genetic disorder 30-50 yrs. Old
Symptoms:
Weight loss
Fatigue
Cough
Fever
SOB
Tests:
Chest X-ray
Presence of crackles
CT scan
Bronchoscopy
ABG- low O2 levels
Pulmonary Function tests
Treatment:
Lung transplantation
Special lavage of the lungs |
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Term
| Pulmonary hypertension: causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
elevated BP in the lung arteries
Causes:
May be genetically linked
More predominant in women
Symptoms:
Fainting
Fatigue
Chest Pain
SOB with activity
LE edema
Weakness
Tests:
Pulmonary arteriogram
Chest X-ray
ECG
Pulmonary function tests
CT scan
Cardiac catheterization
Treatment:
Manage symptoms
Diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
Heart/Lung Transplant if necessary |
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Term
| Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas: cases, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
a congenital defect were lung arteries and veins form
improperly, and a fistula is formed creating poor oxygenation of blood.
Symptoms:
SOB with activity
Presence of a murmur
Cyanosis
Clubbing
Paradoxical embolism
Tests:
CT Scan
Pulmonary arteriogram
Low O2 Saturation levels
Elevated RBC’s
Treatment:
Surgery
Embolization |
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Term
| Pulmonary aspergilloma: causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
fungal infection of the lung cavities causing abscesses.
Cause:
Fungus Aspergillus
Symptoms:
Wheezing
SOB
Chest pain
Fever
Cough
Tests:
CT scan
Sputum culture
Serum precipitans
Chest X-ray
Bronchoscopy
Treatment:
Surgery
Antifungal medications |
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Term
| Pulmonary edema: causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
most commonly caused by Heart Failure, but may be due to lung disorders.
Symptoms:
Restless behavior
Anxiety
Wheezing
Poor speech
SOB
Sweating
Pale skin
Drowning sensation
Tests:
Murmurs may be present
Echocardiogram
Presence of crackles
Low O2 Saturation levels
Treatment:
Diuretics
Oxygen
Treat the underlying cause |
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Term
| Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
Thickening of lung tissue in the lower aspects of the lungs.
Causes:
Response to an inflammatory agent
Found in people ages 50-70.
Linked to smoking
Symptoms: Cough
SOB
Chest pain
Cyanosis
Clubbing
Cyanosis
Tests:
Pulmonary function tests
Lung biopsy
Rule out other connective tissue diseases
CT scan
Chest X-ray
Treatment:
Lung transplantation
Corticosteroids
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Monitor the patient for:
Polycythemia
Pulmonary Htn.
Respiratory failure
Cor pulmonarle |
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Term
| Pulmonary emboli- causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
Blood clot of the pulmonary vessels or blockage due to fat droplets, tumors or
parasites.
Causes:
DVT- most common
Symptoms:
SOB (rapid onset)
Chest pain
Decreased BP
Skin color changes
LE and pelvic pain
Sweating
Dizziness
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Labored breathing
Cough
Tests:
Doppler US
Chest X-ray
Pulmonary angiogram
Pulmonary perfusion test
Plethysmography
ABG
Check O2 saturation
Treatment:
Placement of an IVC filter
Administer Oxygen
Surgery
Thrombolytic Therapy if clot detected
Monitor the patient for:
Shock
Pulmonary hypertension
Hemorrhage
Palpitations
Heart failure |
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Term
| Tuberculosis- cauess, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
infection caused by Mycobaterium tuberculosis.
Causes:
Due to airborne exposure
Symptoms:
Fever
Chest pain
SOB
Weight Loss
Fatigue
Wheezing
Phlegm production
Tests:
Thoracentesis
Sputum cultures
Presence of crackles
TB skin test
Chest X-ray
Bronchoscopy
Treatment:
Generally about 6 months
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Isoniazid |
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Term
| Cytomegalovirus- causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
can cause lung infections and is a herpes-type virus.
Causes:
More common in immunocompromised patients
Often associated with organ transplantation
Symptoms:
Fever
SOB
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Cough
Joint pain
Tests:
CMV serology tests
ABG
Blood cultures
Bronchoscopy
Treatment:
Antiviral medications
Oxygen therapy
Monitor the patient for:
Kidney dysfunction
Infection
Decreased WBC levels
Relapses |
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Term
| Viral pneumonia- causes, sx, tests, tx |
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Definition
inflammation of the lungs caused by viral infection.
Causes:
Rhinovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Influenza
Adenovirus
Hantavirus
CMV
RSV
Symptoms:
Fatigue
Sore Throats
Nausea
Joint pain
Headaches
Muscular pain
Cough
SOB
Tests:
Bronchoscopy
Open Lung biopsy
Sputum cultures
Viral blood tests
Treatment:
Antiviral medications
IV fluids
Monitor the patient for:
Liver failure
Heart failure
Respiratory failure |
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