Term
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Definition
| Delivery of aerosol particles to respiratory tract for therapeutic purposes |
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Term
| Indications for use of Aerosol Therapy |
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Definition
- humidify dry inspired gas - Sputum induction - Deliver aerosolized drugs |
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Term
| Advantages of Aerosol Therapy |
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Definition
- smaller doses than those of systemic treatment - quick onset of drug action - delivery targeted to respiratory system - systemic side effects fewer and less severe than with oral or parenteral therapy -painless and relatively convenient |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Aerosol Therapy |
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Definition
- many variables affecting dose delivered - difficulty in dose estimation and reproducibility - difficult in coordinating hand action and breathing with MDI - lack of technical info on aerosol producing devices |
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Term
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Definition
| Suspension of liquid or solid particles in carrier gas |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency of aerosol particles to remain in suspension |
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Term
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Definition
| Particles depositing out of suspension to remain in lung |
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Term
| Efficacy of Inhaled Drugs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Weight or mass of aerosol particles produced by nebulizer |
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Term
| MMD (Mass Median Diameter) |
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Definition
| Particle size above which 50% of mass of particles is found |
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Term
| GSD (Geometric Standard Deviation) |
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Definition
| Measure of dispersion of particle diameter (size) in distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Having single particle size GST < 1.22 |
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Term
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Definition
| Aerosol having range of particle size GST > 1.22 |
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Term
| Volume of a sphere (formula) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of weight or mass of aerosol per unit volume (mg/L or g/L) |
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Term
| Optimum size of Particles for deposition in LRT |
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Definition
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Term
| Particle deposition factors |
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Definition
-breathing pattern -inspiratory flow pattern |
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Term
| Particle Size Deposition - Mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| Particle Size Deposition - Nose |
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Definition
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Term
| Particle Size Deposition - Upper airway |
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Definition
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Term
| Particle Size Deposition - LRT |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Particles 1-5 micron range that settle in LRT and lung periphery |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposit in LRT More adrenergic receptors in bronchioles eg. Ventolin |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased delivery of aerosol to lung parenchyma eg. Anti infective drugs such as pentamidine where intra alveolar deposition needed with minimum deposition in airways due to irritation |
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Term
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Definition
- inertial impaction - gravitational settling (sedimentation) - diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
| - function of particle size and velocity I = MV |
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Term
| Enhance particle deposition by inertial impaction |
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Definition
- turbulent flow - convoluted passages - bifurcation of airways when inspiratory flows >30 lpm |
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Term
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Definition
Function of particle size and time. - occurs when particles settle out of suspension due to gravity |
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Term
| Primary Mechanism for deposition of particles in 2-5 micron range |
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Definition
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Term
| Airway Generation the Sedimentation Occurs |
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Definition
| Last 5-6 airway generations |
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Term
| Settling Rate of 5 micron particle |
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Definition
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Term
| Rate of Gravitational Settling |
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Definition
| Rate of Settling = Particle Size ^2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Function of time and random molecular motion |
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Term
| Primary Mechanism for deposition in small particles < 3 microns |
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Definition
| Diffusion (Brownian Movement) |
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Term
| Lung location that diffusion occurs |
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Definition
| Alveolar region where bulk gas flow ceases and particle inertia is low |
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Term
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Definition
Can influence aerosol drug delivery to lungs Includes: - volumes at beginning and end of inspiration - inspiratory time and flow rates - mouth vs nose breathing - breath hold |
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Term
Hazards of Aerosol Therapy |
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Definition
- Adverse Reaction to drug being administered -infection - nosocomial infections |
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Term
| Common sources of infections by Aerosol Therapy |
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Definition
- contaminated solutions (multiple drug dose vials) - inadequate hand washing between patients - contaminated respiratory equipment (homecare) |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which an aerosol supsension changes over time |
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Term
| Factors affecting rate of aging |
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Definition
-composition of aerosol - initial size of particles - time in suspension - ambient conditions |
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