Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Research
paper
155
Education
Graduate
03/02/2013

Additional Education Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The value of how counselors and psychologist consider the importance of EBP.
Definition
The Research Digest, suggested the importance of research for the EBP
Term
EBP(Lets get the meaning) the last papers I was totally in the dark.
Definition
Evidence Based Practice
Term
Why is research allegiance important in EBP?
Definition
Research is important because results can influence the confidence that policy-makers,managers and insurance companies have in effectiveness of modalities.2. Research can influence clients confidence in counseling.The third point is that they influence teachers and student of counseling and psychology have about modalities they are promoting.
Term
What are the criticism of research?
Definition
The biggest issuse is it may be unreliable through allegiance effects.
Term
Who is Luborsky
Definition
He's credited with highlighting the role of researcher allegiance in psychotherapy outcome research.
Term
Who is McLeod
Definition
He takes the view that counseling reseach is compromised because most researchers are practitioners for who practice effectiveness is depedent on heir allegiance to a modality.
Term
McLeod paper recommended to
Definition
Counselors and therapist who are interested in the role allegiance may play in outcome research.
Term
Toska, Taylor, Kavas & Rice written an article called Epistemology and allegiance
Definition
Epistemology It questions what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and the possible extent to which a given subject or entity can be known. The authors suggest that while the link between epistemology and psychotherapy process has empirical support, its lin with therapy outcomes has ye to be examined.
Term
Botella and Berianin in another article on allegiance effects in psychotherapy research.
Definition
theses authors support the views promoted in the other papers but take a more positive view of the potential to incorporate allegiance effects into research.
Term
The three papers discussed in the articles contribute
Definition
to constructivist approaches to research.
Term
Beyond EST Probelmatic Assumptions in the Pursuit of Evidence-Based Practice.
Definition
Article Name
Term
1.
The Paper Examines in details the scientific and logical limintations of the "EST movement and aims to place the empirical investigation of theory and practice in psychothery on sounder basic.
Definition
Term
Emipirically validated (An empirical validation of a hypothesis is required for it to gain acceptance in the scientific community)
Definition
Fundamentally, empirical validation requires rigorous communication of hypothesis (usually expressed in mathematics), experimental constraints and controls (expressed necessarily in terms of standard experimental apparatus), and a common understanding of measurement.
Term
The terms used in the article "well established", probably efficacious, "empirically validated, empirically supported or evidence-based treatments has been limiting the focus of the therapeutic efforts to a well defined problem.
Definition
theses terms must be understood before writing about this article.
Term
Manuals and Rituals
Definition
The second feature of the standard "EST" criteria is perhaps even more problematic the requirement that the treatment be manualized.
Term
Manualized treatment
Definition
has become widely manadorty for funding and research and training.
Term
Manualization is required for for empirical support
Definition
empirical support means evidence to back up a theory
autonomous state is where something runs itself
Term
The third problematic criteria
Definition
EST paradigm is the insistence on RCT(Random controlled Trials)
Term
Gold Standard refers
Definition
to in science is respect for evidence. This is the best and most appropriate methodology for what is being studied.
Term
The use of RCT's in drug trials almost always also include as an essential element, the employment of a double-blinded methodology.
Definition
neither the patient nor the doctor knows who is recieving the medication.
Term
Misleading lists and deceptive communications
Definition
the two major flaws in their contentions. First, even if they literally have not said that those not on the list are not effective. Second, there is in fact a great deal of evidence supporting the efficacy of a significant range of therapies not on the "EST.
Term
Article: Guidelines for Classifying Evidenece-Based Treatments in Couple and Family Therapy
Definition
Term
Guidelines for EBT in Family therapy are intended to help guide clinicians, researchers, and policy makers in identifying specific clinical interventions and treatment programs for couples and families that hace scientifically based evidence to support their efficacy.
Definition
Term
The Best methods to help diverse clients who seek clinical help has always been of great signifance
Definition
Term
The common thread among theses efforts is the use of scientific evidence as th primary basic for the determinaion of efficacious clinical treatments and preventive intervention.
Definition
Term
The clincial work of couple and family therapy is based on a unique set of relationally based principles and practices that require a different system of evaluation than does individual therapy.
Definition
Term
Family and couple therapy, an evidence based classification system must go beyond the simple classification of outcomes to include context, perspective and specific mechanisms of change.
Definition
Term
The matrix model that promotes consideration of the interactions between treatment, evidence, context, and mechanisms to help match clinical questions to relevant evidence.
Definition
Term
The treatments and interventions of family and couple clincians are the activity/action by an interventionist in a therapeutic context for the purpose of helping the client.
Definition
Term
The outcomes of the interventions are similarly important. To be accepted by practitioners, evidence-based interventions and treatments models must demonstrate clinically relevant outcomes that produce an acceptable level of absolute, relative and contextual efficacy.
Definition
Term
Overall the quality of the treatment outcome studies must be considered. All research does not produce quality or reliable or compelling evidence. The research must be rigorous and tailored to the particular questions of interest.
Definition
Term
The three levels of increasing evidence provide both a hierarchical index of confidence that a treatment model works.
Definition
Term
Article- Evidence based practice and the future of counselling. The debate revisted.
Definition
Term
Prochaska and Norcross(2007) considered to be one of the most important professional issues of the decade:the development of EP's in mental health
Definition
Term
Kivlighan's comment on group therapists resistancce to using EB research in their practice.
Definition
Term
Hansen views examining what was then termed Best practices to determine whether it was consistent with the traditinal values of he counselling profession.. He noted a number of mismatches that this movement had with counseling.
Definition
Term
One of the concerns with Hansen, was that he noted that best practice depends on DSM diagnoses which, he suggested hace questionable validity.
Definition
Term
Thomason articulates clearly the controversy surounding the promotion of EBP and ESP. He notes that some therapist feel the emphasis on using theses approaches is misguided because it moves psychotherapy to the medical model.
Definition
Term
When looking at predictions in EBP have not been identified for many psychologial disorders so people with theses disorders will not receive funding assistance.
Definition
so a side note is:any therapy not on the is ineffective, which is, of course, not correct:
Term
The article is suggest for the contoversy surrounding the medicalization of psychotherapy, and the adoption of EBP that wil be funded concerning counselling and psychotherpy,
Definition
Term
The article by Maskery, Underhill, Hutchinson, Shaughnessy&Slawson is the final one in the series of five describing the use of evidence to support decisions made in clinical practices.
Definition
Term
The focal point of the articles is that GP's should have the ability to demonstrate that they base their treatment and referral on best avaiable evidence.
Definition
Term
The authors suggest that innovation can be stifled when practitioners are too busy to explore new treatments.
Definition
the authors provide a diagram strategy for practitiners to use when confronting new info and deterining if they should use it in their practice.
Term
Sociological studies demonstrate that patients benefit is only one of the many factors deternming the uptake of EB inventions.
Definition
Term
Article: Practice-based research and counselling psychology:A criticall review and proposal
Definition
Term
Psychotherapy research and practice are ofen described as opposing domains.
Definition
research can be described as hard, cold, scientifiic, factual and time consuming
Term
Psychotherapy research and practice can sometimes even seem hostile
Definition
Term
RCT's generally rely on the DSM, but most clients don't fit the criteria
Definition
Term
EBP may refer to good, clinical decision making it is based on a practitioners-as-research consumer model, which can be contrucsted very different from practitioner, outcome researcher or policy makers vantage points.
Definition
Term
Practice-based research refers variously and broadly to non-experimental research, research by practitioners, research in naturalistic/routine clinical settings and therapy research paradigms such as case studies.
Definition
Term
Effectiveness research is a form of outcome research defined in contrast to efficacy(outcome)
Definition
Term
Counselling psychology and practice based research is mutuality and dialogue.
Definition
Mutal can be characterized as a marriage.
Term
Practice-based research in the Uk is considered postmodern, pluralistic,qualitative, phiosophical and humanistic.
Definition
Term
What is PRN's
Definition
Practice Research Networks, infrastructure or form of research in which practitioners and researchers colloborate to co-construct research and build research.
Term
Practice-based research training has emerged as a promising avenue that applies the PRN concept to the psychotherapy/applied psychology training setting.
Definition
Term
Multicultural Competence and Evidence Based Practice in GroupTherapy.
Definition
Term
The article explains 1. Clients Awareness
2.Knowledge
3.Skills to engage in action
Definition
Term
The article stress the importance of cultural adaptation of EBP models, namely, modifying evidence based interventions that involve changes in service delivery.
Definition
Term
Multicultural Competence(MC) and EBP has influenced the training and practice of mental health professionals.
Definition
Term
At the of oversimplifying the complexity of cultural diversity, we focus our discussion in this article mainly on the racial-cultural dimension.
Definition
Term
The group conflict because of diversity and not understanding each other culture
Definition
Term
Black males(John&Lamont) relate to each other in the group discussion. They relate to each other because of race
Definition
Term
Through education, training, consultation, and supervised experience, practitioners are expected to acquire knowledge and skills in providing services for a culturally diverse clientle.
Definition
This makes a good therapist
Term
The importance of culture in therapy is underscored in the social microcosm of the therapy group.
Definition
Term
Three models of EBP
Definition
RST
Practice Based
Practice guidelines
Term
Evidence has been greatly overlooked when it pertains to diversity of clients. The research has remained around the white population of people.
Definition
Term
Therapy Group
Definition
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal group as a whole
Term
Many factors need to be consudered when looking at group The therapist group
Definition
Language
Racial
Mental health
Term
Is Psychological Science A Cultural
Definition
Term
Is Psychological Science A cultural
Definition
The paper agrues the pro-cons of the science being the culture.
Term
Culture is historically reproduced in that subsequent generations are socialized into facility with the practices of their community
Definition
Term
What is science?
Definition
One problem in defining science is that it is difficult to generalize from palentology to particle physics or from astronomy to economics in order to distill any common.
Term
A third limitation of psychological science is that like all sciences-the discipline depends on faith in its methods for condifence in it findings.
Definition
Term
The APA presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice(2006) provided a definition of evidence-based practice in psychology .
Definition
Term
Psychotherapy is a change process designed to provide symptom relief personality change, and prevention of future symptomatic episodes and to increase the quality of life.
Definition
Term
This article is to provide a n evidence-based analysis of how psychologists in practice may unintenionally interfere with deelopment of quality alliances with culturally different clients or patients.
Definition
Term
The Therapeutic Alliance has been identified as one of the most important of the common factors in therapeutic effectiveness.
Definition
Term
The therapeutic alliance may be defined as the quality of involvement between therapist and client or patient, as reflected in their task teamwork and personal rapport an the the therapist involvement.
Definition
Term
Therapeutic relationship and the working alliance with clients/patients of color may require special consideration.
Definition
Term
Steele's(1997) stereotyped threat research indicaes that when ethnic minorites are asked to perform a task in which ethnic minorites stereotypically underperform, they end up underperforming due to threat, fear and anxiety.
Definition
Term
Green wald and Banaji(1995) suggested that social structure influences cognitive judgement and leads to implicit attitudes and unconscious effecs.
Definition
Term
Sometimes studies may exhibit unintentional bias in their work with clients or patients who are culturally different from them.
Definition
Term
There is a growing interest in whether and how to adapt psychotherapies to take into account the cultural,
linguistic, and socioeconomic context of diverse ethnocultural groups.
Definition
Term
There is considerable evidence that culture and context influence almost every aspect of the
diagnostic and treatment process.
Definition
Term
Promoting a systematic approach to treatment
is a double-edged sword; on one hand, greater structure for
researchers and practitioners and a call for accountability for
treatment and research procedures
Definition
Term
Achieving a balance between culturally competent
practice and selection of interventions that are scientifically
rigorous is especially challenging when delivering interventions to
ethnocultural groups ECGs
Definition
Term
Adaptations that are well documented,
systematic, and tested can advance research and inform
practice.
Definition
Term
There is considerable evidence that culture and context influence
almost every aspect of the diagnostic and treatment process
Definition
Term
In this
article, we focus on the rationale for and the efforts to make
specific treatments available to ethnocultural youths
Definition
Term
Tharp (1991) was one of the first
scholars to formulate the cultural compatibility hypothesis in psychotherapy
research by asserting that a “treatment is more effective
when compatible with client culture patterns”
Definition
Term
Proponents of culturally derived (new treatments) or culturally
adapted (adapted existing treatments; have presented a variety of arguments for their position, including cultural sensitivity, ecological validity, and the preponderance of evidence
Definition
Term
The ecological validity argument posits that it is necessary to
increase the congruence between the experience of the client’s
ethnocultural world and the properties of a particular psychotherapy
as assumed by the therapist.
Definition
Term
Cultural Difference and the Therapeutic
Alliance: An Evidence-Based Analysis
Definition
Term
Psychotherapy is a change process designed to provide
symptom relief, personality change, and prevention of future
symptomatic episodes and to increase the quality of
life, including the promotion of adaptive functioning in
work and relationships,
Definition
The ability to make quality life choices.
Term
The empirical evidence on the outcomes of counseling and psychotherapy informs psychotherapists that, generally,
treatment is effective for a broad range of problems, difficulties,
and psychopathology, regardless of the therapeutic approach of the clinician
Definition
Term
Wampold (2000) and Frank and Frank (1991) proposed
that therapists must select among models and interventions
and apply them as appropriate to each client.
Definition
Different persons equally different treatment, what works for one may not work for anotherl.
Term
The therapeutic alliance may be defined as the quality
of involvement between therapist and client or patient.
Definition
The client and therapist must have a good relationship in the theraputic alliance.
Term
The relationship rests on agreement
of goals, tasks, and processes and is positively related
to outcomes.
Definition
There needs to be good rapport between client and therapist. But that needs to be present in any relationship
Term
Psychologists who provide psychotherapy services have
a responsibility to work only with those who are within the
boundaries of their competence
Definition
Threats to the Alliance for Ethnic Minority Clients/Patients,very important aspect!!!
Term
Although there is mixed evidence, most clients of color are more comfortably matched with therapists similar to
them (Casas et al., 2002). More specifically, clients working
with clinicians of similar ethnic backgrounds and languages
tend to remain in treatment longer than do clients
whose therapists are not ethnically or linguistically
matched
Definition
Very important because most people of diversity are against counseling from the start because of culture. So the more one matches up with good therapist the relationship is more durable.
Term
Microaggressions is a term
coined to convey power dynamics in interactions in crosscultural
encounters that convey attitudes of dominance, superiority, and denigration:
Definition
Term
Microaggressions are often perpetrated
by well-meaning people who hold egalitarian beliefs but
who have not become aware of their negative attitudes and
stereotypes about people of color and/or who have not had
sufficient contact with people different from themselves.
Definition
This is very unsafe in a client/therapist relationship
Term
The White therapist who has negative stereotypes about
the competency of marginalized group members may have a
difficult time staying present and empathic with the person of
color who is struggling with a painful discriminatory event or
a cultural experience foreign to the psychotherapist.
Definition
The relationship will be weaken and sterotypical.
Term
Comas-Dı´az (2006) explored the role of culture within
the therapeutic relationship and provided recommendations
for addressing the cultural components of the client/therapist
relationship to increase psychotherapy effectiveness
Definition
Term
Feminist and multicultural
approaches in particular, but also others, emphasize
the empowerment of individuals and work toward theincreased quality of life for all people.
Definition
Term
Evidence-Based Practice and Its Implications
for Culturally Sensitive Treatment
Definition
Term
CST is distinguished from empirically supported
treatment. Therapists are advancing CST by designing and evaluating interventionsand evolving their understanding of what makes CST work.
Definition
Term
United States, ethnic and racial minorities are less likely to use mental health services, and, when they do, they are less likely to receive quality care than do European Americans
Definition
This has been proven!!
Term
cultural differences between clients
and clinicians may lead clinicians to misinterpret their clients' experiences
Definition
The clients needs want be met
Term
culturally diverse clients may mistrust mental health services because of historic
racial disparities in the United States and a shortage of therapists from their own ethnic or linguistic backgroud
Definition
This is seen alot in the bigger area
Term
Culturally sensitive treatment (CST) may include specific interventions developed
for a particular culture
Definition
Term
"multicultural" interventions. CSTs also
included the following: (a) the explicit incorporation of the client's cultural
values into therapy; (b) racial, ethnic, and linguistic matching of client andtherapist; (c) therapy provided in the chent's native language; (d) the explicit
cultural or multicultural paradigm of the agency or clinic providing services;(e) consultation with individuals who are familiar with clients' culture; (f)outreach efforts to recruit underserved clientele; (g) provision of services such
as childcare to promote client retention; (h) oral administration of materials
for illiterate clients; (i) cultural sensitivity training for professional staff; and
(j) provision of referrals to outside agencies for additional services.
Definition
Qualiy points to counseling a diverse population. Very essential
Term
CBT has become a popular paradigm for many of today's therapists in
the United States
Definition
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
CBT have treatment manuals
that provide guidance for therapists in training
Term
The American Psychological Association's
(APA's) understanding of evidence-based pracdce (EBP) incorporates the
significance of the individual client in treatment practice.
Definition
Term
The APA needed to respond to two pressures: (a) the increasing pressure from
third-party payers and government funding agencies to verify both the necessity
and utility of psychotherapeudc interventions and (b) the pressures from bothsciendsts and practidoners within psychology.
Definition
Term
"Evidence-based practice in psychology
is the integration of the best available research with clinical experdse in the
context of padent characteristics, culture, and preferences.
Definition
Term
Empirically supported treatments are considered less generalizable to actual
clinical settings, EBP is interpreted as the application of research knowledgeto the real world of practice.
Definition
Term
The multicultural counseling competencies imply that theoretical modification is predicated on therapists having a good
understanding of their clients and of themselves, which is the cultural awareness competency.
Definition
Term
Relationship building
involves the therapist empowering the client, which allows for client-therapist
mutual trust, believability, and credibility; using respectful communications that
prevent subtle racism as well as unintentional or intentional microaggressions;
Definition
Term
Psychologists may not always be aware when the potential for developing a
therapeutic alliance may be compromised.
Definition
Sometimes therapist don't realize their bias when dealing with a clients.
Term
Relationship building
involves the therapist empowering the client, which allows for client-therapist
mutual trust, believability, and credibility; using respectful communications that
prevent subtle racism as well as unintentional or intentional microaggressions;
Definition
Term
Psychologists may not always be aware when the potential for developing a
therapeutic alliance may be compromised.
Definition
Sometimes therapist don't realize their bias when dealing with a clients.
Term
A major focus for the current generation
of culturally sensitive practitioners is to evolve their understanding of what makes
CST work and to seek evidence to support such work by playing an increased role
in research therapyconceptualization, assessment, and outcome
Definition
Term
Evidence-Based Practices With Ethnic Minorities:
Strange Bedfellows No More
Definition
Term
Multiculturalism and evidence-based practice (EBP) in psychotherapy
hailed from disparate sources and rarely interacted
Definition
But are becoming more and more connected with the new counseling era.
Term
Critics of multiculturalism
have frequently complained that the movement has been historically
indifferent to the results of scientific research and unduly influenced by identity
politics
Definition
Term
Critics of EBP have frequently
complained that the movement has been historically indifferent to the clinical needs
of minority populations and unduly influenced by narrow reliance on randomized
clinical trials
Definition
Term
The two movements represents enormous progress for psychotherapy, even as it introduces the early awkwardness of strange bedfellows
Definition
Term
The development of psychotherapy was imbedded in a controversial
history, in which mental health professionals lacked appreciation for diversity and did not sufficiently value research concerning ethnic minority groups
Definition
Term
The historical neglect of psychotherapy training for diverse client populations, including racial and ethnic minorities, has resulted in a skewed perspective. Among training programs for
Definition
Need more training centers and classroom awareness!
Term
Multiculturalism without strong
research risks becoming an empty political value, and EBP without cultural sensitivity risks irrelevancy.
Definition
Term
Recognize that, as cultural beings, they may hold attitudes and beliefs that can
detrimentally influence their perceptions of and interactions with individuals who
are ethnically and racially different from them.
* Recognize the importance of multicultural sensitivity/responsiveness, knowledge,
and understanding about ethnically and racially different individuals.
* Recognize the importance of conducting culture-centered and ethical psychological
research among persons from ethnic, linguistic, and racial minority backgrounds.
* Apply culturally appropriate skills in clinical and other applied psychological
practices.
* Use organizational change processes to support culturally informed organizational
(policy) development and practices
Definition
APA guidelines
Term
the APA Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice defined EBP as ‘‘the integration of
the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.
Definition
Term
The evidence-based practice (EBP) movement promises to reduce disparities
by using those treatments that are effective according to controlled
research studies
Definition
Term
We examine the extent to which EBPs have been helpful in reducing disparities and in improving treatment effectiveness.
Definition
Term
Our position is that psychological treatment should be guided by research evidence.
Definition
Term
One major problem in trying to use the EBP model to guide treatments
with ethnic minority clients is that relatively little research has been conducted
on these clients, especially research that satisfies rigorous research criteria
such as those involved in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or
empirically supported treatments (ESTs).
Definition
Term
The criteria to establish ESTs are rigorous and experimental
Definition
Term
People from one cultural
group may require a form of psychotherapy that differs from psychotherapy for another cultural group (in addition to cultural variations
among people within a cultural group
Definition
Term
Cultural competency can be defined as having the cultural knowledge
or skills to deliver effective interventions to members of a particular culture.
At times, some skills may be effectively applied to many different cultures
Definition
Term
Client factors such as the level of acculturation are crucial.
Definition
Term
This means that culture-specific
interventions may or may not need to be used, depending on certain client
factors. Therapist factors, including experience in working with members of a
particular ethnic group and a proficiency in the ethnic language, may be very important to consider in cultural competency.
Definition
Term
one criticism
often made about treatment is that the interventions do not take culture into
account or therapists interact with clients using stereotypes or inappropriate
statements. Some intervention strategies may be less susceptible to these
Definition
Term
EBPs can be of great benefit in cultural competency
Definition
Term
The movement for evidence-based and empirically supported treatments
has done an admirable job of compiling lists of interventions that are proven
to be helpful in the treatment of specific disorders.
Definition
This is a wide range of disorders
Term
three major developments in psychology
have been converging. The first development consists of the
establishment of evidence-based practices in psychology (EBPP)
Definition
Term
The third major development in psychology is multiculturalism,
and with regard to psychotherapy in particular, the field of multicultural
therapy (MCT).
Definition
Term
the three developments of EBPP, CBT, and MCT
are converging, complementing, and contributing to the relatively
rapid expansion of one another.
Definition
Term
CBT and MCT share a remarkable number of assumptions thatfacilitate their integration.
Definition
Term
MCT particularly emphasizes cultural influences that contribute to this uniqueness. Two, both emphasize empowerment
Definition
Term
CBT integrates assessment throughout therapy, an action that
communicates respect for clients’ viewpoints regarding their
progress; such demonstrations of respect are considered a core part
of culturally responsive practice.
Definition
Term
CBT and MCT call attention to naturally occurring strengths and
supports that can be used to facilitate change.
Definition
Term
CBT’s
behavioral roots emphasize the influence of environment on behavior,
which fits well with MCT’s emphasis on cultural influences.
Definition
Term
CBT and MCT share a remarkable number of assumptions that
facilitate their integration. One, both emphasize the need to tailor interventions to the unique needs and strengths of the individual
Definition
Term
CBT as commonly practiced often begins with the task of
making changes in the client’s situation or environment, toward
the goal of alleviating or solving the presenting problem.
Definition
Supporting users have an ad free experience!