Term
| Origins of APA ethics code |
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Definition
- Surveyed APA using Critical Incidents technique
- Published "Ethical Standards in Research" in American Psychologist
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Term
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Definition
- Beneficence and Non-Malfeasance
- Fidelity and Responsibility
- Integrity
- Justice
- Respect for People's Righs and Dignity
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Term
| IRB, approval of research |
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Definition
- Insitutional Review Board
- >4 people
- at least 1 nonscientist
- Distinguish bn: exempt from review, expedited review, formal review
- Can be accomplished by a "first step" decision-maker
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Term
| Requirements for IRB review |
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Definition
- depends on degree of risk to subject
- Outside of university, may have to satisfy +1 review boards
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Term
| Ethical responsibilities for Adult Human participants |
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Definition
- judge that the benefits of research outweigh the costs
- gain informed consent of participants
- treat research volunteers well during, after study
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Term
| Ethical responsibilities for children, special populations participants |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethics code regarding Internet |
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Definition
- Info collected on internet - reliable with previous studies
- Difficult to integrate debriefing, informed consent, privacy, confidentiality
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Term
| Argument over use of animals for research |
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Definition
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Term
| Varieties of scientific dishonesty, detection |
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Definition
- Plagiarism
- Falsified Data
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Term
| Code of Ethics, Principle 1 - Beneficence and Non-Malfeasance |
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Definition
- Do no harm
- Safeguard welfare, rights (humans, animals)
- alert to + guard against factors that could lead to misuse of their influence
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Term
| Code of Ethics, Principle 2 - Fidelity and Responsibility |
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Definition
- Maintain relationship of trusht
- Uphold professional conduct
- manage conflicts of interest that could lead to exploitation, harm
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Term
| Code of Ethics, Principle 3 - Integrity |
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Definition
- Promote accuracy, honesty in science, teaching, practicing
- when deception is ethically justifiable, correct for any resulting mistrust, harmful effects
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Term
| Code of Ethics, Principle 4 - Justice |
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Definition
- All persons entitled to access to, benefits from contributions of psych
- take care to not let potential biases, limitations of competence and expertise don't lead to unjust practices
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Term
| Code of Ethics, Principle 5 - Respect for Peoples Rights and Dignity |
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Definition
- Respect dignity, worth, rights to privacy, confidentiality, self-determination of all people
- May require special safeguards for ind., communities with impaired autonomous decision-making
- Work against perpetuating biases, prejudices
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Term
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Definition
- obedience threshold
- administering "electrical shocks" under instruction of authority figure
- Criticized for exposing subjects to extreme stress
- contradicts principle 1, 3
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Term
| 4 Reasons IRB can be Controversial |
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Definition
- objection to nonspecialists judging procedures they may not understand
- difficulty to gain approval from IRB members for "basic" research
- IRBs weigh risks more heavily than needed, relative to scientific value of a study.
- overemphasis on a biomedical research model to evaluate proposals
- contribute to lack of consistency between IRBs
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Term
| Treating Participants Well |
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Definition
- Debriefing
- Leakage - could compromise study
- Important to leave subjects feeling good after study
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Term
| Ethical Obligations for human participants |
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Definition
- Develop study where overall benefits outweigh overall cost
- Do no harm
- Informed Consent (mostly)
- Assure volunteers can quit study w/out penalty
- Provide debrief
- Assure participant confidentiality
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