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Research Methods
Section 5 Sampling
25
Health Care
Graduate
10/09/2012

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Term
Sampling is
Definition
the process of slecting a number of individuals for a study in such a way that individuals represent the larger group from which they were selected
Term
The purpose of sampling
Definition
to gain info about a larger population
Term
Three questions to ask when considering sample
Definition
Are the research participants appropriate for the research question?
Are the research participants representative of the population of interest?
How many research participants should be used?
Term
Population
Definition
refers to an entire group or aggrgate of people or elements having one or more common characteristics
Term
Sample
Definition
a small subgroup of a population of interest thought to be representative of that population
Term
Sampling
Definition
the process of selecting a subgroup or sample of the population
Term
Sampling frame
Definition
the accessible population or collection of elements from which the sample is actually drawn
Term
Purpose of Random selection
Definition
to enable the researcher to generalize the results to a larger population
Term
Purpose of random assignment
Definition
to enable the researcher to assume that groups are "equivalent" at the beginning of the study
Term
Types of random sampling
Definition
Simple random sampling
Stratified random sampling
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling
Term
Types of non random sampling
Definition
Purposive sampling
Convenience sampling
Term
With simple random sampling
Definition
every member of the population has an equal probability of being selected for the sample
Term
Stratified random sample is
Definition
one obtained by separating the population elements into non-overlapping subgroups and then selecting a simple random sample from each strata
Term
Systemic sampling
Definition
the sampling units are selected in a series according to some predetermined sequence
Term
Cluster sampling
Definition
simple random sample in which each sampling unit is a collection or cluster of elements
Term
In non random sam-pling the probability that a participant will be chosen is
Definition
not known
Term
Purposive sampling
Definition
members of the sample are purposively selected because they possess certain traits
Term
Convenience sampling
Definition
selecting research participants on the vasis of being accessible and convenient to the researcher
Term
Sampling for descriptive or correlational
Definition
should have more research participants (more variable; less controlled; higher attrition)
Term
Sampling for experimental studies
Definition
fewer research participants (less variable; more controlled; lower attrition)
Term
Power of the statistical test
Definition
the probability that the test will reject the null when the null is false
Term
Little variability
Definition
sample size will suffice
Term
High variability
Definition
sample size will be larger
Term
Practical factors
Definition
Availability of research participants
Costs
Time
Resources
Term
Sample error
Definition
the extent to which the sample values deviate from those that would be obtained from the entire population because samples are not 100% representative of a population
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