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| 11. Two TAs independently scored student’s writing assignments. Prof. Cody wants to know how closely the TAs scored each paper (because if it is close enough, he can just assign the mean score for each). He found a correlation coefficient of .91. Is there a relationship? If so, is it positive or negative and how strong? |
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Definition
| Yes, positive & strong. The higher one TA rated a particular paper, the higher the other TA tended to rate it. (As with all relationships, you could also state this in reverse, of course: The lower one TA rated a particular paper, the lower the other TA tended to rate it.) |
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| 22. Shirley investigates if there is a relationship between employees’ number of vacation days and their overall job satisfaction. She finds a correlation of .29. Is there a relationship? If so, is it positive or negative and how strong? |
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Definition
| Yes, positive & weak. The more vacation days people get, the more they tend to like their jobs. (This is a weak relationship though, so although people’s vacation days affect their job satisfaction, other factors probably affect it too.) |
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| 33. Jose wants to know if people’s religious beliefs are associated with their levels of moral reasoning. He finds a correlation coeffiecient of .11. Is there a relationship? If so, is it positive or negative and how strong? |
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Definition
| He found no relationship between religious beliefs and levels of moral reasoning. |
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| 44. Ramesh investigates if the number of sport activities students are involved in is related to the number of academic credit hours they are taking. He finds a correlation coefficient of -.44. Is there a relationship? If so, is it positive or negative and how strong? |
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Definition
| Yes, negative & moderately strong. The more sports events a student is involved in, the lower number of credit hours they tend to pursue. |
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| 5Shambrika tests her theory that smokers will smoke less if hard candy is available. What will be her IV? DV? Experimental group? Control group? |
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Definition
IV = audience presence
DV = performance
Exp group: Those with whom she provides an audience
Control group: Those with whom she does not provide an audience |
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| 66. Brittany explores her theory that sleeping with your eyes partially open can cause nightmares. What is her IV? DV? Experimental group? Control group? |
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Definition
IV = candy availability
DV = smoking
Exp group: Those to whom she makes candy available
Control group: Those to whom she does not make candy available |
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| 99. You want to investigate whether bigotry is linked to homophobia. What kind of study should you begin with? Why? |
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Definition
| An experiment. You want to know if one variable affects another. Thus you are looking for cause & effect, and only an experiment can investigate cause. |
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| 88. You want to investigate if spreading studying over many days increases learning (compared to cramming over one day). What kind of study should you begin with? Why? |
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Definition
| An observational study. It is public behavior (and you are not looking for cause or a relationship). |
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| 1010. You want to study if attractiveness of cashiers increases how politely customers treat them. What kind of study should you begin with? Why? |
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Definition
| . An experiment. You want to know if one variable (cashier attractiveness) affects another (customer politeness). Thus you are looking for cause & effect, and only an experiment can investigate cause |
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| 1111. You want to study the grades and study habits of college students’ who were born more than 3 months premature. What kind of study should you begin with? Why? |
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Definition
| An experiment. You want to know if one variable (cashier attractiveness) affects another (customer politeness). Thus you are looking for cause & effect, and only an experiment can investigate cause. |
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| 1212. Suppose we do a study looking at the effects of weather on impressions we form of people we meet outdoors and get a p-value of .30. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| A case study because it is difficult to find students who survived such odds at birth. |
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| Qualitative vs Quantitative research |
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| Interpreting correlation coefficients |
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| Choosing appropriate type of research |
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Definition
Correlation Coefficient
"R" Values |
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What is a P value?
How to interpret? |
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Definition
Less than 0.05 moderately significant
less than 0.01 significant
If over 0.05 it is inconclusive
Used toCompare 2 or more group means and to find if they are Significantly different or just due to chance.
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