The goal of the experimental research strategy is to establish the existence of?    

  A cause and effect relationship between two variables

 If a study finds that there is a strong relationship between two variables, this means that?

   They have a strong correlation

   In an experiment, the score for each participant is obtained by measuring what variable?

The dependent variable    

     Dr. Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people’s moods during the winter. A sampled of 100 households is selected. Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr. Jones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. After two months, Dr. Jones measures the lever of depression for the people living in the houses. In this example, how many dependent variables are there?

     2; the 60 and 100 watt lightbulbs

 The manipulated variable in an experiment is the?

  Independent Variable

 The measured variable in an experiment is the?

     Dependent Variable

The specific treatment conditions that are used in an experiment are called the?

  Levels of the Independent variable

In order to establish an unambiguous relationship between two variables, it is necessary to eliminate the possible influence of what?

  Confounding Variable

   In an experiment, any variable that varies systematically with the treatment conditions and might influence the participants’ scores is known as what variable?

  An Extraneous Variable

     A confounding variable is a variable that?

 Is allowed to change systematically along with the two variables being studied, it also provides an alternative explanation for the observed relationship, and because of that, is a threat to internal validity

  For an experiment comparing two treatments, the researcher selects participants so that each treatment condition has 20 males and 10 female. For this study, what method is being used to control participant gender?

  Matching

   Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing one threat to _______ but it can limit the ________ of an experiment

b.    External Validity

   In an experiment, participants are randomly assigned to treatment conditions

    True: Random Assignment

A no-treatment control group is a condition in which participants?

     Do not receive the treatment being evaluated (placebo)

 An experiment includes a treatment condition, a no-treatment control, and placebo control. Which two conditions should be compared to determine the size of the placebo effect?

  The placebo control & the treatment condition

     A researcher systematically varies people’s stress levels to examine the effects of stress on performance. The researcher includes a measure of stress as?

   A manipulation check

What is the general purpose for using simulations and field studies?

They both occur in natural comfortable settings for the participant

  A researcher moves the real world into the laboratory. This type of research is called

     Simulation Study

    A researcher moves an experiment out of the laboratory and into the real world. This tupe of research is called

    A field study

   What is the advantage of a field study over a laboratory study?

    Increased Internal Validity

  What is the advantage of a laboratory study over a field study?

  It provides a controlled environment

 An experiment that uses a different group of participants for each treatment condition is called a ______ design

 Between-Subjects/ Independent Measures Experimental Design

     In a between-subjects design

   Each individual score is obtained from a separate participant

    A between-subjects experiment comparing four treatment conditions produces 20 scores in each treatment condition. How many score were obtained for each participant?

    A between-subjects experiment comparing four treatment conditions produces 20 scores in each treatment condition. How many individuals participated in the entire experiment?

    10 individuals

Which of the following is a not a disadvantage of a between-subjects design?

    Each score is independent of all the other scores

    Individual differences are?

     Characteristics that differ from one participant to another

    In a between-subjects experiment, when the participants in one group have characteristics that are noticeably different from those in another group, the ____ of the study is threatened

     Reliability

     When ____ occurs in a between-subjects experiment, it is impossible to determine whether differences between groups are caused by the treatments or by participant characteristics

  Confounding from individual differences

1  Because random assignment is likely to create groups of different sizes, researchers often employ

  Restricted Random Assignment

 An advantage of matching a variable across treatments rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that

a.     Holding variable constant guarantees that there is no systematic relationship between participant characteristics and the treatment conditions.

   Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender) constantly strengthens _____ & weakens ______