Term
| Testing an elderly colleague to compare pz the amnesiac |
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Definition
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Term
T or F:
Reactivity to surveys is eliminated by obtaining a random sample |
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Definition
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Term
| ethology is a refined form of |
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Definition
| naturalistic observations |
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Term
T or F:
The primary problem unique to descriptive research is that it does not permit the assessment of relations among events |
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Definition
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Term
| Naturalistic observations is |
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Definition
| systematic collection of data in the typical setting |
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Term
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Definition
necessary first step in understanding
doesn't allow assessment of relations among events |
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Definition
| what behaviors occur, quantity and frequency |
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Term
| components of naturalistic observations |
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Definition
Setting boundaries
diesnged to answer specific questions rather than categorize
Very clear categories, exclusive, unambiguous
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Term
| Inter-rater reliability/inter-observer reliability |
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Definition
| Do researchers see the same thing |
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Term
| Disadvantages of case studies |
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Definition
no firm inferences about what causes what, just describe course of events
tentative conclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| cases bear similarities, but different outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
large samples, random sample
note your sample
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Term
| advantages of descriptive observations |
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Definition
great in early stages of research for breadth and range
defining the problem
raises interesting questions for a more controlled study
inexpensive
convient
easy to do |
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Term
| reactivity in descriptive research |
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Definition
subject (participant) roles: perceived role
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Term
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Definition
| observations that are influenced by (or reaction to ) the detected presence of the investigator |
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Term
| reactivity and naturalistic observation |
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Definition
unobstrusive observations
particicpant observations
unobstrusive measures |
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Term
| unobstrusive observations |
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Definition
Camera with a special sideways lens:increases chances of natural behavior
will reveal natural behavior if unaware they are ebign observed |
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Term
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Definition
indirect observation of the behavior, studying the behavior.
ex post facto |
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Term
| reactivity and case studies |
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Definition
retrospective data (people forget)
motivated forgetting
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Term
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Definition
| the reconstruction of a memory to match current beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
response acquiescene
response deviation
social desirability
volunteer problem (better and greater need for social approcal, limits generalizability) |
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Term
| solving the non-respondent problem? |
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Definition
random sample!
Give non-respondents incentive to respond, but this may influence the outcome
replicate research with additional samples of respondents |
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Term
| When our observations vary significantly from what the theory would predict, we... |
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Definition
| modify or abandon theoretical concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of naturally occuring behavior |
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Term
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Definition
how two or more variables/observations are related to each other
no manipulation
ex post facto |
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Term
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Definition
a table of data points
relational research design where frequencies of the combination of two variables are assesed for relationship |
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Term
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Definition
A test that is often used to determine the statistical significance of the relationship between variables in a contingency table
data dependent means they are related |
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Term
| reactivity problem in ex post facto and Chi test |
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Definition
| participant reactivity of unkown magnitude and unkown source |
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Definition
| determine the direction and degree of the relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree of the relationships aka the number |
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Term
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Definition
| the sign of the correlation |
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Term
| requirement for correlation |
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Definition
| must be a linear relationship |
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Term
| visual representations of data |
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Definition
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Term
| low correlations don't mean... only... |
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Definition
| don't mean a relationship is absent, but assumpts of the particular coefficient employed have not been met |
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Term
| What is a part of correlational research and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Confounding and that leads to interpretation difficulties |
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Term
| Interpreting Low correlations coefficients |
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Definition
lack of heterogeneity (small variations in data)
truncated range
the assumptions of a certain correlation coefficient must be met |
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Term
| reactivity in correlational research |
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Definition
| participants try to figure the study out and make themselves look good |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of correlation coefficients to predict one variable given another |
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Term
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Definition
| several variables which is correlated with a target IV to be predicted |
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Term
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Definition
| variables that covary with a tagret in statistical analysis, such as regression, that are accounted for in the analysis of target |
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Term
| Experiments lead to...why? |
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Definition
causal inferences
because IV is manipulated while everything else is held constant |
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Term
| Experiments let us know what? Correlations? |
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Definition
Experiments let us know direction of relation
correlations show a relation, but not the direction
the causal factor is somewhere in the experiments IV |
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Term
| immediate causes of an event |
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Definition
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Term
| supposed to stop the infinite regress of why and because |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
title of project
authors
institution or business
running head |
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Term
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Definition
uses the heading
no indentation
abbreviated title on top right hand corner(short title)
contain IV and DV
120 words
written last |
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Term
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Definition
use the title of your paper, not intro heading
why interested
what others have found
variables to be studied
predictions from relevant research
avoid tangential issues |
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Term
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Definition
center and use the word method
how you examined the variables
side headings are italicized |
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Term
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Definition
do not include figures and tables, there are the end of the report
results is
make a statement and support with statistics
end witha summary of the purpose of the experiment and the results |
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Term
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Definition
begin on sperate page
use a
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Term
| what do you use instead of subjects? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| participants, appratus, procedure |
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Term
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Definition
each on a separate page after references
numbered consecutively
short but descriptive titles for tables |
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Term
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Definition
after tables
numbered consecutively |
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Term
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Definition
after figure captions
one per page
name/short title and the number of the figure on the back of the page |
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Term
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Definition
how you got participants
number of participants
population drawn from |
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Term
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Definition
what effects of the variables mean for the issue at hand
organized
state conclusions, not grandiose
identitfy purpose
centered |
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Term
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Definition
can be ambigous
whis this that these those |
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Term
singular forms of...
data
criteria
phenomena |
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Definition
datum
criterion
phenomenon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the role that various behaviors play in adapting to the environment and the function it serves |
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Term
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Definition
| habitual way of responding |
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Term
| in case studies when soemone has to report something in the past, motivated forgetting in play |
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Definition
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Term
| The extent to which a research setting matches the environment of the problem under investigation; a threat to the external validity of experiments |
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Definition
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Term
| Those cues available to participants in an experiment that may enable them to determine the purpose of the experiment or what is expected by the experimenter |
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Definition
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Term
| normative social influence |
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Definition
| getting people to change behavior so people will do it because other people do it |
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Term
| the role of behaviors in adapting an organism to the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| Tests in which the participant must select between two or more statements; often used to control response styles |
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Definition
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Term
| An observation procedure in which the observer participates with those being observed |
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Definition
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Term
| Habitual ways of responding on a test that are independent of the particular test item; |
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Definition
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Term
| How a participant reacts in an experiment |
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Definition
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Term
| Measures taken from the results of behavior, not the behavior itself |
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Definition
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Term
| Observations not resulting in reactivity |
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Definition
| unobstrusive observations |
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Term
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Definition
A number that can vary from -1.00 to +1.00
indicates the degree of relation between two variables |
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Term
| The preprint version of a research report; that is, it is a manuscript that has not yet been printed in a technical journal |
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Definition
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