founded first psychology laboratory

person

showed higher mental processes could be studied using experimental methodology by studying memory using nonsense syllables

person

believed there could be imageless thought and performed experiments to prove it

person

introduced mental testing to the U.S.

person

first intelligence test, to assess intelligence of French school children

term/year

introduced concept of mental age

person

developed equation to compare mental age to chronological age (intelligence quotient)

person

name of first IQ test after Terman revised it

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way in which variables in the experiment are defined so that they can be measured

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IV manipulated, subjects randomly assigned to groups

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IV manipulated, subjects not randomly assigned to groups

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researcher does not intervene, measures behavior as it naturally occurs

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group researcher wishes to generalize results to

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sample is miniature version of population

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every population member has an equal chance to be selected for sample

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relevant subgroups of the population are randomly sampled in proportion to size

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each subject is exposed to only over level of each IV; assigned randomly to groups

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matching subjects on the basis of the variable that needs to be controlled

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pair each subject with him/herself by using same subjects in both groups

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done to counteract order effects

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control group is not necessarily similar to the experimental group; no random assignment

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any cues that suggest to subjects what researcher expects from them

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tendency of people to behave differently if they know they are being observed

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how generalizable the results of experiment are

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concerned with organizing, describing, quanitfying, and summarizing collection of actual observations

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researchers generalize beyond actual observations

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graphic representation of how often each value occurs

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measure of central tendency most affected by extreme scores

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highest score minus lowest score

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'average' scatter away from the mean

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square of the standard deviation

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subtract mean of distribution from your score, and divide the difference by standard deviation (negative outcomes are below mean, positive are above mean)

term

mean: 0

SD: 1

in distribution of z-scores, mean and standard deviation values

numbers

distribution has a mean of 50 and a SD of 10

term

when mean, median, and mode are identical

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measure to what extent, if any, two variables are related

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graphical representation of correlational data

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attempts to account for the interrelationships found among various variables by seeing how groups of variables 'hang together'

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table that shows correlations between various pairs of variables

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researcher is trying to show that the research hypothesis is supported by the data by discounting the null hypotheses - tells probability that observed difference is due to chance

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standard criterion of significance/alpha level

number

mistakenly rejecting null hypothesis - same chance of this error as criterion of significance

term

accepting null hypothesis when it is in fact false

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used to compare means of two groups

significance test

compares between-group variance to within-group variance using F ratio (for more than 2 groups)

significance test

use when individual observations are names or categories

significance test

statistical procedure that can be used to make conclusions ob the basis of data from different studies

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involves assessing an individual's performance in terms of how that individual performs in comparison to others

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concerned with question of what the test taker knows about a specified content domain (not concerned with how you score in relation to peers)

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concerned with coverage of particular skill/knowledge area that is supposed to be measured

validity type

refers to whether or no the test items appear to measure what they are supposed to measure

validity type

has to do with how well the test can predict an individual's performance on established test of same skill/knowledge area

validity type

refers to how well performance on the test fits into the theoretical framework related to what it is you want the test to measure

validity type

shows that performance on the test is not correlated with other variables which should not be related

validity type

labels observations with category names

scale of measurement

uses actual numbers (not ranks)

scale of measurement

observations ranked in terms of size or magnitude

scale of measurement

there is true zero point that indicates the total absence of quantity being measured

scale of measurement

used to predict what one can accomplish through training

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attempt to assess what one knows or can do now

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(mental age/chronological age)x100

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indicates how well a person performed on an IQ test relative to same-age peers

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