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| Phase of a single-subject, baseline design in which you establish the level of performance on the dependent measure before introducing the treatment. |
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| A single-subject experimental design in which subjects are observed under each of several treatments conditions. Observations made during these periods (no treatment) are compared with observations made during intervention periods (treatment introduced). |
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| Level of behavior under the baseline and intervention phases of a single-subject, baseline design. It is used to determine the amount of uncontrolled variability in the data. |
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| In a single-subject baseline design, the baseline (A) and the intervention (B) phases are each repeated to provide an immediate intrasubject replication. |
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| Criterion used to establish when a baseline in a single-subject, baseline design no longer shows any systematic trends. Once the criterion is reached, the subject is placed in the next phase of the experiment. |
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| Phase of a single-subject, baseline design in which the treatment is introduced and the dependent measure evaluated. |
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| In a single-subject experiment, each treatment is repeated at least once for each subject and behavior is measured. This helps establish the reliability of the results obtained from a single-subject experiment. |
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| Running a second baseline phase after the intervention phase in a single-subject, baseline design. |
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| The behaviors of multiple subjects used in a single-subject design are compared to establish reliability of results. |
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| Conducting a replication of an experiment while adding new variables for investigation. |
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| Exactly replicating an experiment. No new variables are included in the replication. |
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| Simultaneously sampling several behaviors in a single-subject, baseline design to provide multiple baselines of behavior. Used if your independent variable produces irreversible changes in the dependent variable. |
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Definition
| An experimental design in which the independent variable is varied continuously over time while monitoring the response of the dependent variable. |
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| A single-subject experimental design in which subjects receive each treatment condition dozens or hundreds of times. Each trial (exposure to a treatment) produces one data point, and data points are averaged across trials to provide stable estimates of behavior. |
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Definition
| An experimental design that includes between-subjects as well as within-subjects factors. Also called Split-Plot Design. |
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| An experimental design with a within-subjects factor in which different levels of one independent variable are included under each level of a between-subjects factor. |
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| A correlational variable (usually a characteristic of the subject)included in an experiment to help reduce the error variance in statistical tests. |
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Term
| Quasi-Experimental Design |
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Definition
| A design resembling an experimental design but using quasi-independent rather than true independent variables. |
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| Quasi-Independent Variable |
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Definition
| A variable resembling the independent variable in an experiment, but whose levels are not assigned to subjects at random. |
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Definition
| A research design in which behavior of subjects in naturally occurring groups is measured periodically both before and after the introduction of a treatment. |
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| Interrupted Time Series Design |
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| A variation of the time series design in which changes in behavior are charted as a function of time before and after some naturally occurring event. |
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| Equivalent Time Series Design |
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Definition
| A variation of the time series design in which a treatment is administered repeatedly, with each administration followed by an observation. |
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| Nonequivalent Control Group Design |
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Definition
| A time series experiment that includes a control group that is not exposed to the experimental treatment. |
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Definition
| A research design that involves measuring a dependent variable, then introducing the treatment, and then measuring the dependent variable a second time. |
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| Solomon Four-Group Design |
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Definition
| An expansion of the pretest-posttest design that includes control groups to evaluate the effects of administering a pretest on your experimental treatment. |
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Definition
| A developmental design in which participants from two or more age groups are measured at about the same time. Comparisons are made across age groups to investigate age-related changes in behavior. |
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Definition
| A developmental design in which a single group of subjects is followed over a specified period of time and measured at regular intervals. |
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| A developmental design including cross-sectional and longitudinal components. |
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Definition
| An experimental design in which different groups of subjects are exposed to the various levels of the independent variable. |
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Definition
| An experimental design in which each subjects is exposed to all levels of an independent variable. |
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Definition
| An experimental design that focuses on the behavior of an individual subject rather than groups of subjects. |
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Definition
| Variability in the value of the dependent variable that is related to extraneous variables and not to the variability in the independent variable. |
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| Randomized Two-Group Design |
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Definition
| A between-subjects design in which subjects are assigned to groups randomly. |
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Definition
| An experimental design in which the amount of the independent variable is systematically varied across several levels. |
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| Experimental research design in which levels of the independent variable are represented by different categories rather than differing amounts. |
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| Multiple Control Group Design |
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Definition
| Single-factor, experimental design that includes two or more control groups. |
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Definition
| Between-subjects experimental design in which matched sets of subjects are distributed, at random, one per group across groups of the experiment. |
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Definition
| A two-group matched group design. |
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Definition
| A problem associated with within-subjects designs in which exposure to one level of the independent variable alters the behavior observed under subsequent levels. |
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Definition
| A technique used to combat carryover effects in within-subjects designs. It involves assigning the various treatments of an experiment in a different order for different subjects. |
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Definition
| An experimental design in which every level of one independent variable is combined with every level of every other independent variable. |
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Definition
| The independent effect of one independent variable in a factorial design on the dependent variable. These are as many ___________ as there are independent variables. |
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Definition
| When the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable in a factorial design changes over the levels of another independent variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), the effect of one factor at a given level(or combination of levels) of another factor(or factors). |
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| Higher-Order Factorial Design |
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Definition
| Experimental design that includes more than two independent variables (factors). |
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