Term
| organisms that are one celled and do not produce specialized reproductive cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| vertebrates are said to reproduce _________ because they produce gametes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: the male organs function to produce, store, and ultimately introduce mature sperm into the female reproductive tract |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: the female reproductive system is designed to produce ova, receive sperm, and permit fertilization, and permits the fertilized ovum to develop and mature until birth |
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Definition
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Term
| essential organs of the both reproductive systems |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the testes produce ___________ and __________ |
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Definition
| spermatozoa and testosterone |
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Term
| accessory organs of the male reproductive system |
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Definition
1. Ducts: epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
2. supportive sex glands: seminal vesicle, bulbourethral (cowper's) gland, and prostate gland
3. External genitals: scrotum and penis |
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Term
| pouch like sac that contains the testes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| temperature of the testes important in keeping spermatozoa alive and functioning properly |
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Term
| a tough, whitish membrane that surrounds each testis and enters the gland to divide it into lobules |
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Definition
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Term
| long, coiled structure that forms the bulk of the testicular mass |
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Definition
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Term
| small specialized cell in the testes that secrete the male sex hormone, testosterone |
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Definition
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Term
| each seminiferous tubule is a long duct with a central ________ or passageway |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: sperm develop in the walls of the seminiferous tubule and are then released into the lumen and begin their journey to the exterior of the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: spermatogenesis ends in late adulthood |
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Definition
| false: spermatogenesis occurs continuously through life but decreases with age. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| spermatogonia go through (MITOSIS/MEIOSIS) |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens during mitotic cell division of the spermatogonia? |
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Definition
| under the influence of FSH, two daughter cells are created, one remains a spermatogonium and the other forms primary spermatocyte |
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Term
| specialized cell that undergoes meiosis to ultimately form sperm |
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Definition
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Term
| nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes are reduced to half their original number; produces gametes |
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Definition
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Term
| the resulting daughter cells from the primary spermatocyte undergoing meiosis; these cells have only half the genetic material and half the chromosomes of other body cells |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: spermatozoa are among the largest and most generic cells in the body |
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Definition
| false; spermatozoa are among the smallest and most highly specialized cells in the body |
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Term
| t/f: all characteristics that a baby will inherit from its father at fertilization are contained in the condensed nuclear material found in the sperm head |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the nucleus in sperm/ |
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Definition
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Term
| specialized structure on the sperm containing enzymes that break down the covering of the ovum to allow entry |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. head
2. midpiece
3. tail |
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Term
| mitochondria in the (MIDPIECE/TAIL) of sperm break down ATP to provide energy for the tail movements required to propel the sperm and allow them to "swim" for relatively long distances through the female reproductive ducts |
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Definition
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Term
| production of testosterone is carried out the in the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Masculinization
2. Development of Male Accessory Organs
3. Muscular development and strength |
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Term
| the masculinizing hormone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sperm are formed within the walls of the ____________ __________ of the testes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
seminiferous tubule
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra |
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Term
| tightly coiled tube that lies along the top and behind the testes where sperm mature and develop the ability to swim |
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Definition
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Term
| a thick, smooth, muscular tube that allows sperm to exit from the epidiymis and pass from the scrotal sac into the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| connective tissue sheath that encloses blood vessels and nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| duct formed by the joining of the ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicle that allows sperm to enter the urethra |
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Definition
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Term
| part of the penis that opens to the exterior |
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Definition
| external urethral orifice |
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Term
| when a baby is born with undescended testes; derived from greek words meaning hidden testis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the accessory glands contribute more than ___% of the secretions to the gelatinous fluid part of semen |
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Definition
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Term
| the seminiferous tubules of the testes contribute somewhat less than ___% of the seminal fluid volume of semen |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: semen is acidic and protects sperm from the alkaline environment of the female reproductive tract. |
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Definition
| false! semen is alkaline and protects sperm from the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract |
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Term
| paired, pouch-like gland that contributes about 60% of the seminal fluid volume; rich in fructose, which is a source of energy for sperm; yellowish, thick |
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Definition
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Term
| gland that lies just below the bladder; secretes a fluid that constitutes about 30% of the seminal fluid volume; helps activate sperm and helps them maintain motility; donut shaped; thin, milk-colored fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| small glands located just below the donut shaped gland whose mucus-like secretions lubricate the terminal portion of the urethra protect it against urine acidity and contribute less than 5% of the seminal fluid volume; "pre-ejaculate" |
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Definition
| bulbourethral (cowper's) gland |
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Term
| sudden discharge of semen from the body |
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Definition
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Term
| condition characterized by a noncancerous enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate gland |
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Definition
| benign prostatic hypertrophy |
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Term
| what commonly happens when the prostate is enlarged? |
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Definition
| it squeezes the urethra leaving urination difficult or impossible |
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Term
| surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of the prostate gland |
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Definition
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Term
| the penis and scrotum constitute the external reproductive organs, or _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| forms part of the male genitalia; when sexually aroused, becomes stiff to enable it to enter and deposit sperm in the vagina |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3 columns of erectile tissue in the penis shaft |
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Definition
1. corpus spongiosum
2. corpora cavernosa |
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Term
| a column of erectile tissue surrounding the urethra in the penis |
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Definition
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Term
| two columns of erectile tissue found in the shaft of the penis |
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Definition
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Term
| the distal end of the shaft of the penis; covered by highly sensitive skin |
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Definition
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Term
| a loose-fitting retractable casing located over the glans of the penis |
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Definition
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Term
| surgical removal of the prepuce performed to prevent irritation |
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Definition
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Term
| the __________ _____________ ____________ is the opening of the urethra at the tip of the glans |
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Definition
| external urethral orifice |
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Term
| the essential organs of reproduction in women |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hormones produced by female gonads |
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Definition
| estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
| the accessory organs of the female reproductive system |
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Definition
1. Ducts: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
2. Accessory sex glands: Bartholin's Glands, Breasts
3. External Glands: Vulva |
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Term
| immature stage of the female sex cell |
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Definition
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Term
| the follicles present at puberty; covered with granulosa cells |
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Definition
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Term
| cell layer surrounding the oocyte |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| graafian (mature) follicle |
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Term
| t/f: follicles that do not mature degenerate and are reabsorbed into the ovarian tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| cavity; hollow chamber that forms as the thickness of the granulosa cell layer around the oocyte increases and a secondary follicle is formed |
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Definition
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Term
| a hormone secreting glandular structure transformed after ovulation from a ruptured follicle; it secretes chiefly progrestorne, with some estrogen secreted as well; "yellow body" due to its yellow appearance |
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Definition
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Term
| the production of female gametes |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: ova under go meiosis, resulting one large ovum and 3 small daughter cells called polar bodies that degenerate |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: the ovum is one of the bodies smallest cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
| the granulosa cells around the oocyte in the growing and mature follicle secrete (ESTROGEN/PROGESTERONE) |
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Definition
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Term
| the corpus luteum chiefly secretes (PROGESTERONE/ESTROGEN) |
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Definition
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Term
| sex hormone that causes the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and stimulates growth of the epithelial cells lining the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| hormone that stimulates proliferation and vascularization of the epithelial lining of the uterus and acts to initiate the menstrual cycle in girls entering puberty |
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Definition
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Term
| sexual characteristics that appear at the onset of puberty |
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Definition
| secondary sex characteristics |
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Term
| some of the actions of estrogen include: |
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Definition
1. development and maturation of reproductive organs
2. appearance of pubic hair and breast development
3. development of curves
4. initiation of the first menstrual cycle |
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Term
| the pair of tubes that conduct the ovum from the ovary to the uterus |
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Definition
| uterine (fallopian) tubes (oviducts) |
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Term
| fringelike projections of the outer end of each fallopian tube |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: the mucosal lining of the uterine tubes is directly continuous with the lining of the abdominal cavity and uterus and vagina; vaginal infections such as gonorrhea may pass into the abdominal cavity where they may become life threatening |
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Definition
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Term
| hollow, muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and grows; pear-shaped |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle layer in the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| upper portion of the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| neck; any neck-like structure; lower, narrow, necklike structure of the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| bulging prominence above the level where the uterine tubes attach to the body of the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: the uterus lies in the pelvic cavity just behind the urinary bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| the uterus functions in these three processes |
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Definition
menstruation
pregnancy
labor |
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Term
| menstruation starts when progesterone and estrogen levels are at their (LOWEST/HIGHEST) |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens in menstral cycle |
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Definition
| when estrogen and progesterone levels are low, the mucus lining pulls loose and trickles out of the vagina, then immediately starts to repair itself in preparation for pregnancy |
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Term
| pregnancy resulting from the implantation of a fertilized ovum in an location other than the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| normally, menstruation repeats itself every ___ days |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| internal tube from the uterus to the vulva; made mainly of smooth muscle and lined with mucus membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| gland located on either side of the vaginal outlet that secretes mucus-like lubricating fluid |
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Definition
| bartholin's gland (greater vestibular glands) |
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Term
| the space between the labia minora and the vaginal orifice |
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Definition
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Term
| anterior aspect of the chest; accessory female sex organ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| breasts are attached to the pectoral muscles by |
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Definition
| connective tissue ligaments of Cooper |
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Term
| t/f: breast size is determined by the amount of fat around the glandular tissue that by the glandular tissue itself. |
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Definition
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Term
| grape-like clusters of milk secreting glandular cells |
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Definition
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Term
| each breast consists of ____-____ lobes that are arranged radially |
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Definition
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Term
| the duct that drains the grapelike cluster of milk secreting glands in the breast; converge towards the nipple like the spokes of a wheel; only one per lobe |
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Definition
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Term
| external genitalia of female |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
monspubis
clitoris
orifice of the urethra
labia minora
hymen
orifice, duct of bartholin's gland
orifice of vagina
labia majora |
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Term
| skin covered pad of fat over the symphysis pubis; |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| small lips of the vulva; located within the large lips |
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Definition
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Term
| erectile tissue located within the vestibule of the vagina |
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Definition
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Term
| greek for "membrane"; mucous membrane that may partially or entirely occlude the vaginal outlet |
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Definition
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Term
| the area between the vaginal opening and anus; |
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Definition
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Term
| surgical cutting of the perineum to prevent tearing of tissue during childbirth |
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Definition
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Term
| menstrual flow; 4-5 days; day one of menstrual cycle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the three periods of time in each cycle |
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Definition
menses
proliferative phase
secretory phase |
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Term
| phase of menstrual cycle that begins after the menstrual flow and lasts until ovulation; uterine lining thickens and estrogen secretion is at its highest |
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Definition
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Term
| phase of menstrual cycle that begins at ovulation and lasts until the next menses begins; greatest uterine lining thickness; highest levels of progesterone |
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Definition
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Term
| ovum is released from ovary and moves into uterine tube for possible fertilization |
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Definition
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Term
| FSH and the female reproductive system |
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Definition
stimulates secretion of estrogen and lutenizing hormone
which in return matures the follicle and ejects into uterine tubes. |
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Term
| disease characterized by pelvic pain, fever, and vaginal discharge |
|
Definition
| pelvic inflammatory disease PID |
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Term
| surgical removal of the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| surgical removal of uterus and cervix |
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Definition
| total hysterectomy (panhysterectomy) |
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Term
| surgical removal of only the body of the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| surgical removal of the ovaries |
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Definition
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Term
| failure to have a menstrual period |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| t/f: ovulation cannot occur if the blood level of FSH stays low because a high concentration of the hormone is essential to stimulation of ovaria follicle growth and maturation; with a low level of FSH, no follicles grow, and none become ripe enough to ovulate. Ovulation is caused by the combined actions of FSH and LH |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: birth control pills that contain estrogen substances suppress FSH secretion which indirectly prevents ovulation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes menstruation? |
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Definition
| a sudden, sharp decrease in estrogen and progesterone secretion toward the end of the secretory phase causes the uterine lining to break down and another menstrual period to begin |
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