Term
| T OR F: THE REPRODUCTION ROLE OF THE FEMALE IS FAR LESS COMPLEX THAN THAT OF A MALE. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| NOT ONLY MUST SHE PRODUCE GAMETES, BUT THE FEMALE BODY MUST ____ TO NURTURE A DEVELOPING EMBRYO FOR A PERIOD OF APPROXIMATELY __ MONTHS. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| OVARIES ARE THE ____ REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF A FEMALE, AND LIKE THE MALE TESTES, OVARIES SERVE A DUAL PURPOSE: ? |
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Definition
PRIMARY
--PRODUCTION OF GAMETES
--PRODUCTION OF THE FEMALE SEX HORMONES ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE |
|
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Term
| THE ____ DUCTS (UTERINE TUBES, UTERUS, AND VAGINA) TRANSPORT OR OTHERWISE SERVE THE NEEDS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE CELLS AND/OR THE DEVELOPING ____. |
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Definition
|
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Term
THE OVARIES AND DUCT SYSTEMS OF FEMALES ARE MOSTLY LOCATED WITHIN THE
PELVIC CAVITY AND ARE COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS THE ____ GENITALIA.
EXTERNAL ORGANS, FORMING THE VULVA, ARE REFERRED TO AS THE ____ GENITALIA. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| THE PAIRED ____, WHICH FLANK THE UTERUS ON EACH SIDE, ARE ABOUT THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF ALMONDS. |
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Definition
|
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Term
WITHIN THE OVARY ARE MANY TINY SACLIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ____ ____.
EACH FOLLICLE CONSISTS OF AN IMMATURE EGG, CALLED AN ____ SURROUNDED BY ONE OR MORE LAYERS OF VERY DIFFERENT CELLS, CALLED ____ CELLS IF A SINGLE LAYER IS PRESENT AND ____ CELLS WHEN MANY LAYERS ARE PRESENT. |
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Definition
OVARIAN FOLLICLES
OOCYTE, FOLLICLE, GRANULOSA |
|
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Term
FOLLICLES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURATION ARE DISTINGUISHED BY THEIR STRUCTURE:
--____ FOLLICLE: ONE LAYER OF FOLLICLE CELLS SURROUNDS AN OOCYTE
--____ FOLLICLE HAS TWO OR MORE LAYERS OF GRANULOSA CELLS
--____ OR ____ FOLLICLES CONTAIN A FLUID-FILLED CAVITY CALLED AN ____ |
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Definition
| PRIMARY, GROWING, MATURE OR GRAAFIAN, ANTRUM |
|
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Term
EACH MONTH, IN ADULT WOMEN, ONE OF THE RIPENING FOLLICLES EJECTS ITS OOCYTE FROM THE OVARY, AN EVENT CALLED ____.
AFTER OVULATION, THE RUPTURED FOLLICLE IS TRANSFORMED INTO A VERY DIFFERENT LOOKING STRUCTURE CALLED THE ____, WHICH EVENTUALLY ____. |
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Definition
| OVULATION, CORPUS LUTEUM, DEGENERATES |
|
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Term
THE ____ OR ____ TUBES FORM THE INITIAL PART OF THE FEMALE DUCT SYSTEM, RECEIVE THE OVULATED EGG AND PROVIDE A SITE WHERE FERTILIZATION CAN OCCUR.
EACH OF THE UTERINE TUBES ENDS IN THE ____, AN OPEN, FUNNEL-SHAPED STRUCTURE BEARING CILIATED PROJECTIONS CALLED ____ THAT DRAPE OVER THE OVARY. |
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Definition
UTERINE OR FALLOPIAN
INFUNDIBULUM, FIMBRIAE |
|
|
Term
THE UTERINE TUBES HAVE LITTLE OR NO ACTUAL ____ WITH THE OVARIES, THUS AN OVULATED OOCYTE IS CAST INTO THE ____ CAVITY, AND MANY ARE LOST THERE.
HOWEVER, THE FIMBRIAE BECOME VERY ____ CLOSE TO THE TIME OF OVULATION AND UNDULATE TO CREATE CURRENTS IN THE PERITONEAL FLUID, WHICH USUALLY CARRY THE OOCYTE INTO THE UTERINE TUBE, WHERE IT BEGINS ITS JOURNEY TOWARD THE ____.
THE OOCYTE IS CARRIED TOWARD THE UTERUS BY A COMBINATION OF PERISTALSIS AND THE RHYTHMIC BEATING OF THE ____. |
|
Definition
CONTACT, PERITONEAL
ACTIVE, UTERUS
CILIA |
|
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Term
| T OR F: CILIATED CELLS OF THE MUCOSA HAVE DENSE MICROVILLI AND PRODUCE A SECRETION THAT KEEPS THE OOCYTE AND SPERM MOIST AND NOURISHED. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| WHAT IS A HOLLOW, THICK-WALLED ORGAN THAT FUNCTIONS TO RECEIVE, RETAIN, AND NOURISH A FERTILIZED EGG. IN A WOMAN WHO HAS NEVER BEEN PREGNANT, THE UTERUS IS ABOUT THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF A PEAR, BUT IT IS USUALLY SOMEWHAT LARGER AFTER CHILDBIRTH. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| WHAT 3 LAYERS MAKE UP THE UTERINE WALL? |
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Definition
| PERIMETRIUM, MYOMETRIUM, ENDOMETRIUM |
|
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Term
| WHAT LAYER OF THE UTERINE WALL IS OUTERMOST SEROUS LAYER, THE VISCERAL PERITONEUM? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT LAYER IS THE MIDDLE LAYER OF THE UTERUS, COMPOSED OF INTERLACING BUNDLES OF SMOOTH MUSCLE, AND PLAYS AN ACTIVE ROLE DURING CHILDBIRTH WHEN IT CONTRACTS RHYTHMICALLY TO FORCE THE BABY OUT OF THE MOTHER'S BODY? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT LAYER IS THE MUCOSAL LINING OF THE UTERINE CAVITY, A SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM UNDERLAIN BY A THICK, EXTREMELY CELLULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE STROMA, AND SHOULD FERTILIZATION OCCUR, THE YOUNG EMBRYO BURROWS INTO THE THIS LAYER (IMPLANTS) AND RESIDES THERE FOR THE REST OF ITS DEVELOPMENT? |
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Definition
|
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Term
THE ENDOMETRIUM HAS TWO CHIEF LAYERS, THE ____ THAT UNDERGOES CYCLIC CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO BLOOD LEVELS OF OVARIAN HORMONES AND IS SHED DURING MENSTRUATION AND THE THIN, DEEPER ____, SHOWS LITTLE RESPONSE TO OVARIAN HORMONES AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RE-FORMING A NEW ____ AFTER MENSTRUATION ENDS.
THE ENDOMETRIUM HAS NUMEROUS ____ THAT CHANGE IN LENGTH AS THE ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS CHANGES. |
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Definition
SUPERFICIAL STRATUM FUNCTIONALIS, STRATUM BASALIS, FUNCTIONALIS
GLANDS |
|
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Term
THE ____ IS A THIN-WALLED FIBROMUSCULAR TUBE, 3 TO 4 INCHES LONG. IT PROVIDES A PASSAGEWAY FOR DELIVERY OF AN INFANT AND FOR ____.
SINCE IT RECEIVES THE PENIS (AND SEMEN) DURING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, IT IS THE FEMALE ORGAN OF ____. |
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Definition
VAGINA, MENSTRUAL FLOW
COPULATION |
|
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Term
THE WALL OF THE VAGINA CONSISTS OF THREE COATS:
--AN OUTER ____
--A SMOOTH MUSCLE ____
--A ____ MARKED BY TRANSVERSE RIDGES, OR RUGAE MADE UP OF STRATIFIED ____ EPITHELIUM ADAPTED TO STAND UP TO FRICTION |
|
Definition
FIBROUS ADVENTITIA
MUSCULARIS
MUCOSA, SQUAMOUS |
|
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Term
| THE VAGINAL MUCOSA HAS ___ GLANDS; ITS LUBRICATION IS PROVIDED BY ____ MUCOUS GLANDS OR ____ GLANDS LOCATED OUTSIDE THE VAGINA. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| THE MUCOSAL CELLS OF THE VAGINA STORE LARGE AMOUNTS OF ____, WHICH IS ____ METABOLIZED TO LACTIC ACID BY RESIDENT BACTERIA; CONSEQUENTLY, THE pH OF THE VAGINA IS NORMALLY QUITE ACIDIC (pH ____), WHICH HELPS KEEP THE VAGINA HEALTHY AND FREE OF INFECTION, BUT IT IS ALSO ____ TO SPERM. |
|
Definition
| GLYCOGEN, ANAEROBICALLY, 3.5-4, HOSTILE |
|
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Term
| WHAT TRUCTURES MAKE UP THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA (VULVA)? |
|
Definition
--MONS PUBIS
--LABIA MAJORA, WHICH ARE THE FEMALE COUNTERPART OF THE MALE SCROTUM
--LABIA MINORA THAT ENCLOSE A REGION CALLED THE VESTIBULE, WHICH CONTAINS THE CLITORIS, THE EXTERNAL OPENINGS OF THE URETHRA AND THE VAGINA |
|
|
Term
FLANKING THE VAGINAL OPENING ARE A NUMBER OF ____ THAT RELEASE MUCUS INTO THE ____ AND HELP TO KEEP IT MOIST AND LUBRICATED, FACILITATING INTERCOURSE.
THESE INCLUDE THE GREATER ____ (BARTHOLIN'S) GLANDS, HOMOLOGOUS TO THE BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS OF MALES, AND THE SLIGHTLY MORE ANTERIOR LESSER VESTIBULAR GLANDS. |
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Definition
| GLANDS, VESTIBULE, VESTIBULAR |
|
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Term
| WHAT IS A SMALL, PROTRUDING STRUCTURE, COMPOSED LARGELY OF ERECTILE TISSUE, THAT IS HOMOLOGOUS MOSTLY TO THE GLANS PENIS OF THE MALE? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| WHAT IS THE CLITORIS HOODED BY? |
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Definition
| A SKIN FOLD CALLED THE PREPUCE OF THE CLITORIS |
|
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Term
| THE ____ IS RICHLY INNERVATED WITH SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS SENSITIVE TO TOUCH, AND IT BECOMES SWOLLEN WITH BLOOD DURING TACTILE STIMULATION, CONTRIBUTING TO A FEMALE'S SEXUAL AROUSAL. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| LIKE THE PENIS, THE ____ HAS DORSAL ERECTILE COLUMNS (CORPORA CAVERNOSA); BUT IT LACKS A ____. IN MALES, THE URETHRA CARRIES BOTH URINE AND SEMEN AND RUNS THROUGH THE PENIS, BUT THE FEMALE URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS ARE COMPLETELY ____, AND ____ OF THEM RUNS THROUGH THE CLITORIS. |
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Definition
| CLITORIS, CORPUS SPONGIOSUM, SEPARATE, NEITHER |
|
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Term
| T OR F: SPERM PRODUCTION IN MALES BEGINS AT PUBERTY AND GENERALLY CONTINUES THROUGHOUT LIFE BUT THE SITUATION IS QUITE DIFFERENT IN FEMALES. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| THE TOTAL SUPPLY OF EGGS THAT A FEMALE CAN RELEASE HAS ALREADY BEEN DETERMINED BY THE TIME SHE IS ____, AND THE TIME SPAN IN WHICH SHE RELEASES THEM EXTENDS FROM ____ TO ABOUT THE AGE OF __. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MEIOSIS, THE SPECIALIZED TYPE OF NUCLEAR DIVISION THAT OCCURS IN THE TESTES TO PRODUCE SPERM, THAT ALSO OCCURS IN THE OVARIES CALLED? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
BY BIRTH, A FEMALE'S LIFETIME SUPPLY OF PRIMARY OOCYTES (± ____) IS ALREADY IN PLACE IN THE ____ FOLLICLES AWAITING THE CHANCE TO COMPLETE MEIOSIS AND PRODUCE FUNCTIONAL ____.
SINCE THEY REMAIN IN THEIR STATE OF SUSPENDED ANIMATION ALL THROUGH ____, THE WAIT IS FROM ____ YEARS AT LEAST, AND __ YEARS AT MOST. |
|
Definition
700,000, PRIMORDIAL, OVA
CHILDHOOD, 10-14, 60 |
|
|
Term
BEGINNING AT PUBERTY, A SMALL NUMBER OF ____ OOCYTES ARE ACTIVATED TO GROW EACH MONTH, BUT ONLY ___ IS "SELECTED" TO CONTINUE MEIOSIS I, PRODUCING
____ HAPLOID CELLS (EACH WITH 23 REPLICATED CHROMOSOMES), THE SMALLER CELL IS CALLED THE FIRST ____ AND THE LARGER CELL, WHICH CONTAINS NEARLY ALL THE CYTOPLASM OF THE PRIMARY OOCYTE, IS THE ____ OOCYTE. |
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Definition
| PRIMARY, ONE, TWO, POLAR BODY, SECONDARY |
|
|
Term
THE FIRST POLAR BODY USUALLY UNDERGOES ____, PRODUCING TWO EVEN SMALLER POLAR BODIES BUT IN HUMANS, THE SECONDARY OOCYTE BECOMES ARRESTED IN ____ AND IS OVULATED.
IF IT IS NOT PENETRATED BY A SPERM, THE SECONDARY OOCYTE ____; BUT WHEN SPERM PENETRATION DOES OCCUR, IT QUICKLY COMPLETES ____, YIELDING ONE LARGE OVUM AND A TINY SECOND POLAR BODY. |
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Definition
MEIOSIS II, METAPHASE II
DETERIORATES, MEIOSIS II |
|
|
Term
THE PRODUCTS OF OOGENESIS ARE USUALLY ____ TINY POLAR BODIES, NEARLY DEVOID OF CYTOPLASM, AND ____ LARGE OVUM.
ALL OF THESE CELLS ARE ____, BUT ONLY THE ____ IS A FUNCTIONAL FERTILIZABLE GAMETE.
THIS IS QUITE DIFFERENT FROM SPERMATOGENESIS, WHERE ____ VIABLE
GAMETES-SPERMATOZOA ARE PRODUCED DURING MEIOSIS. |
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Definition
THREE, ONE
HAPLOID, OVUM
FOUR |
|
|
Term
THE UNEQUAL CYTOPLASMIC DIVISIONS THAT OCCUR DURING OOGENESIS ASSURE THAT THE FERTILIZED EGG HAS ENOUGH ____ RESERVES TO SUPPORT IT DURING ITS
____- DAY JOURNEY TO THE UTERUS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE OVARIAN CYCLE CAN BE DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF WHAT THREE CONSECUTIVE PHASES? |
|
Definition
--THE FOLLICULAR PHASE
FOLLICLE GROWTH FROM THE 1-10 DAY OF THE CYCLE.
--THE OVULATORY PHASE
DAYS 11-14 AND CULMINATES IN OVULATION.
--THE LUTEAL PHASE
THE PERIOD OF CORPUS LUTEUM ACTIVITY, DAYS 14-28. |
|
|
Term
| T OR F: THE "TYPICAL" OVARIAN CYCLE REPEATS AT INTERVALS OF 28 DAYS, AND IT MAY NOT BE LONGER OR SHORTER. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T OR F: IN ANY CASE, THE LUTEAL PHASE IS CONSTANT, IT IS 14 DAYS BETWEEN THE
TIME OF OVULATION AND THE END OF THE CYCLE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DURING CHILDHOOD, THE OVARIES GROW AND CONTINUOUSLY SECRETE SMALL AMOUNTS OF ESTROGEN, WHICH ____ HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASE OF GNRH.
AS PUBERTY NEARS, THE HYPOTHALAMUS BECOMES LESS SENSITIVE TO ESTROGEN AND BEGINS TO ____ GNRH IN A DISCONTINUOUS, OR ____, MANNER.
GNRH, IN TURN, STIMULATES THE ____ TO RELEASE FSH AND LH, WHICH ACT ON THE OVARIES.
GONADOTROPIN LEVELS CONTINUE TO INCREASE FOR ABOUT ____ YEARS, AND DURING THIS TIME, THE PUBERTAL GIRL IS ____ AND ____ OF BECOMING PREGNANT. |
|
Definition
INHIBIT
RELEASE, PULSELIKE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
FOUR, ANOVULATORY, INCAPABLE |
|
|
Term
EVENTUALLY, THE ADULT CYCLIC PATTERN IS ACHIEVED, AND ____ INTERACTIONS ARE STABILIZED.
ACHIEVEMENT OF THE ADULT PATTERN OF GONADOTROPIN CYCLING IS HERALDED BY THE YOUNG WOMAN'S FIRST MENSTRUAL PERIOD, REFERRED TO AS ____, HOWEVER, IN THE ONE TO TWO YEARS THAT FOLLOW MENARCHE, MANY CYCLES ARE STILL ____.
USUALLY, IT IS NOT UNTIL THE ____ YEAR POSTMENARCHE THAT THE CYCLE BECOMES REGULAR AND THE ____ PHASE REACHES ITS NORMAL DURATION OF 14 DAYS. |
|
Definition
HORMONAL
MENARCHE, ANOVULATORY
THIRD, LUTEAL |
|
|
Term
1. ON DAY __ OF THE CYCLE, RISING LEVELS OF GNRH FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS STIMULATE INCREASED PRODUCTION OF ___ AND ___ IN THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY.
2. ___ AND ___ STIMULATE FOLLICULAR GROWTH. AS THE FOLLICLES ENLARGE, ____ SECRETION BEGINS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF BOTH LH AND FSH. ___ TARGETS THE THECAL CELLS TO PRODUCE ANDROGENS, WHICH DIFFUSE THROUGH THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE TO THE ____ CELLS; THERE THE ANDROGENS ARE CONVERTED TO ESTROGENS.
3. AS ESTROGEN LEVELS SLOWLY RISE IN THE PLASMA, THEY EXERT ____ FEEDBACK ON
THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMUS, CAUSING THE PITUITARY OUTPUT OF FSH AND LH TO ____. WITHIN THE OVARY, ____ INTENSIFIES THE EFFECT OF FSH ON FOLLICLE GROWTH AND MATURATION, THEREBY ____ THE OUTPUT OF ESTROGEN. |
|
Definition
1, FSH, LH
FSH, LH, ESTROGEN, LH, GRANULOSA
NEGATIVE, FALL, ESTROGEN, INCREASING |
|
|
Term
4. WHILE THE INITIAL SMALL RISE IN ESTROGEN BLOOD LEVELS ____ THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY AXIS, ____ ESTROGEN LEVELS HAVE THE OPPOSITE EFFECT. ONCE ESTROGEN REACHES A CRITICAL CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD, IT EXERTS ____ FEEDBACK ON THE BRAIN AND ANTERIOR PITUITARY.
5. THE STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF ____ ESTROGEN LEVEL CAUSES A SUDDEN BURSTLIKE RELEASE OF ___ (AND, TO A LESSER EXTENT, FSH) BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY. THIS OCCURS APPROXIMATELY ____. |
|
Definition
INHIBITS, HIGH, POSITIVE
HIGH, LH, MIDCYCLE |
|
|
Term
6. THE SUDDEN FLUSH OF ___ STIMULATES RESUMPTION OF MEIOSIS IN THE PRIMARY OOCYTE OF THE MATURE FOLLICLE, CAUSING IT TO COMPLETE THE FIRST ___ DIVISION; THE ____ OOCYTE FORMED CONTINUES ON TO METAPHASE II. LH ALSO INDUCES SYNTH. OF ENZ. THAT CAUSE THE OVARIAN WALL TO ____, AND OVULATION OCCURS AT OR AROUND DAY __. SHORTLY AFTER OVULATION, ESTROGEN LEVELS BEGIN TO ____.
7. THE LH SURGE ALSO PROMOTES TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUPTURED FOLLICLE INTO A ____. LH STIMULATES THE CORPUS LUTEUM TO PRODUCE ____ AND SMALLER AMOUNTS OF ESTROGEN ALMOST IMMEDIATELY AFTER IT IS FORMED.
8. AS PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN LEVELS RISE IN THE BLOOD, THE COMBINATION EXERTS A POWERFUL ____ FEEDBACK, ON THE RELEASE OF LH AND FSH. AS GONADOTROPINS DECLINE, DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FOLLICLES DURING THE LUTEAL PHASE IS ____, AND NEW LH SURGES THAT MIGHT CAUSE MORE OOCYTES TO BE OVULATED ARE ____. |
|
Definition
LH, MEIOTIC, SECONDARY, RUPTURE, 14, DECLINE
CORPUS LUTEUM, PROGESTERONE
NEGATIVE, INHIBITED, PREVENTED |
|
|
Term
9. AS LH BLOOD LEVELS DECLINE SLOWLY, THE STIMULUS FOR CORPUS LUTEUM ACTIVITY ____, AND THE CORPUS LUTEUM BEGINS TO ____. AS GOES THE CORPUS LUTEUM, SO GO THE LEVELS OF ____ HORMONES, AND BLOOD ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS ____ SHARPLY. (HOWEVER, IF IMPLANTATION OF AN EMBRYO HAS OCCURRED, THE ACTIVITY OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM IS MAINTAINED BY AN ____ HORMONE RELEASED BY THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO.)
10. A MARKED ____ IN OVARIAN HORMONES AT THE END OF THE CYCLE (DAYS ____)ENDS THEIR BLOCKADE OF ____ AND ____ SECRETION, AND THE CYCLE STARTS ANEW. |
|
Definition
ENDS, DEGENERATE, OVARIAN, DROP, LH-LIKE
DECLINE, 26-28, FSH, LH |
|
|
Term
| ALTHOUGH THE UTERUS IS THE RECEPTACLE IN WHICH THE EMBRYO IMPLANTS AND DEVELOPS, IT IS RECEPTIVE TO ____ ONLY FOR A VERY SHORT PERIOD EACH ____ THAT COINCIDES EXACTLY WITH THE TIME WHEN A DEVELOPING EMBRYO WOULD NORMALLY REACH THE UTERUS, APPROXIMATELY ____ DAYS AFTER OVULATION. |
|
Definition
| IMPLANTATION, MONTH, SEVEN |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS DESCRIBED AS A SERIES OF CYCLIC CHANGES THAT THE UTERINE ENDOMETRIUM GOES THROUGH, MONTH AFTER MONTH, AS IT RESPONDS TO CHANGES IN LEVELS OF OVARIAN HORMONES IN THE BLOOD? |
|
Definition
| THE UTERINE (MENSTRAL) CYCLE |
|
|
Term
USUALLY BOTH THE OVARIAN AND UTERINE CYCLES ARE ABOUT __ DAYS LONG WITH ____ OCCURRING AT THE MIDPOINT OF THE CYCLES, ON DAY 14.
THE ____ AND ____ PHASES OVERLAP THE FOLLICULAR AND OVULATORY STAGES OF THE OVARIAN CYCLE, AND THE SECRETORY PHASE CORRESPONDS TO THE OVARIAN ____ PHASE. |
|
Definition
28, OVULATION
MENSTRUAL, PROLIFERATIVE, LUTEAL |
|
|
Term
| T OR F: UTERINE CHANGES ARE RESPONSES TO THE CHANGING LEVELS OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RELEASED DURING THE OVARIAN CYCLE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
____ HAS LONG BEEN CONSIDERED AS GOOD FOR THE BONES, AND SO IT IS, IN MODERATION, HOWEVER, THE EXTREMELY VIGOROUS ACTIVITY OF TRAINED ATHLETES CAN ____ ONSET OF MENARCHE IN GIRLS AND CAN DISRUPT THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN ADULT WOMEN, EVEN CAUSING ____.
PART OF THE PROBLEM APPEARS TO BE THAT FEMALE ATHLETES HAVE LITTLE BODY ____, AND FAT DEPOSITS AID IN CONVERSION OF ADRENAL ANDROGENS TO ____.
IN ADDITION, ____ CONTROLS APPEAR TO BE BLOCKED IN SOME WAY BY SEVERE PHYSICAL REGIMENS. |
|
Definition
EXERCISE, DELAY, AMENORRHEA
FAT, ESTROGENS
HYPOTHALAMIC |
|
|
Term
ALTHOUGH THESE EFFECTS ARE BELIEVED TO BE TOTALLY ____ WHEN THE ATHLETIC TRAINING IS DISCONTINUED, A WORRISOME CONSEQUENCE OF AMENORRHEA IN YOUNG, HEALTHY ADULT WOMEN IS THAT THEY BEGIN TO SUFFER THE DRAMATIC LOSS IN ____ USUALLY SEEN ONLY IN OLD AGE.
ONCE ____ LEVELS DROP AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE ____, WHETHER BECAUSE OF DISEASE, MENOPAUSE, OR EXERCISE, BONE LOSS BEGINS. |
|
Definition
REVERSIBLE, BONE MASS
ESTROGEN, STOPS |
|
|
Term
| ESTROGEN IS ANALOGOUS TO WHAT IN MALES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
AS ESTROGEN LEVELS RISE DURING PUBERTY, IT PROMOTES ____ AND FOLLICLE GROWTH IN THE OVARY AND EXERTS ____ EFFECTS ON THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT.
CONSEQUENTLY, THE ____, ____, AND ____ GROW LARGER AND BECOME FUNCTIONAL AND READY TO SUPPORT A ____. |
|
Definition
00GENESIS, ANABOLIC
UTERINE TUBES, UTERUS, VAGINA, PREGNANCY |
|
|
Term
THE UTERINE TUBES BEGIN TO EXHIBIT ENHANCED ____, AS DOES THE UTERUS; THE VAGINAL MUCOSA ____; AND THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA MATURE AND BECOME ____.
ESTROGEN ALSO SUPPORTS THE RAPID GROWTH SPURT AT PUBERTY THAT MAKES ____ GROW MUCH MORE QUICKLY THAN ____ DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF THAT PERIOD (BETWEEN THE AGES OF 12 AND 13). |
|
Definition
MOTILITY, THICKENS, LUBRICATED
GIRLS, BOYS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT DO THE ESTROGEN-INDUCED SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALES INCLUDE? (5) |
|
Definition
1) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BREASTS, PARTICULARLY THE DUCT SYSTEM OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS.
2) INCREASED DEPOSIT OF SUBCUTANEOUS FAT, ESPECIALLY IN THE HIPS AND BREASTS, RESULTING IN THE FEMALE BODY SHAPE.
3) WIDENING AND LIGHTENING OF THE PELVIS (ADAPTATIONS FOR CHILDBIRTH).
4) THE APPEARANCE OF AXILLARY AND PUBIC HAIR.
5) SEVERAL METABOLIC EFFECTS, INCLUDING MAINTENANCE OF LOW BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND FACILITATION OF Ca2+ UPTAKE THAT HELPS SUSTAIN THE DENSITY OF THE SKELETON. |
|
|
Term
| T OR F: THE FEMALE SEXUAL RESPONSE IS NOT SIMILAR TO THAT OF MALES IN MOST RESPECTS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SEXUAL EXCITEMENT IS ACCOMPANIED BY ENGORGEMENT OF THE ____, VAGINAL ____, AND ____ WITH BLOOD; ERECTION OF THE NIPPLES; AND ____ SECRETORY ACTIVITY OF THE VESTIBULAR GLANDS, WHICH LUBRICATES THE ____ AND FACILITATES THE ENTRY OF THE PENIS.
THESE EVENTS, THOUGH MORE WIDESPREAD, ARE ANALOGOUS TO THE ____ PHASE IN MEN. |
|
Definition
CLITORIS, MUCOSA, BREASTS, INCREASED, VESTIBULE
ERECTION |
|
|
Term
| T OR F: SEXUAL EXCITEMENT IN FEMALES IS PROMOTED BY TOUCH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STIMULI AND IS MEDIATED ALONG THE SAME AUTONOMIC NERVE PATHWAYS AS IN MALES. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T OR F: THE FINAL PHASE OF THE FEMALE SEXUAL RESPONSE, ORGASM, IS ACCOMPANIED BY EJACULATION. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DURING A FEMALE ORGASM, MUSCLE TENSION ____ THROUGHOUT THE BODY, PULSE RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE ____, AND RHYTHMIC ____ OF THE UTERUS OCCUR. |
|
Definition
| INCREASES, RISE, CONTRACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| AS IN MALES, ORGASM IS ACCOMPANIED BY AN INTENSE SENSATION OF ____ AND FOLLOWED BY GENERAL ____, BUT IN ADDITION, A SENSATION OF ____ SURGES THROUGH THE BODY. |
|
Definition
| PLEASURE, RELAXATION, WARMTH |
|
|
Term
| T OR F: UNLIKE THE SITUATION IN MALES, ORGASM IN FEMALES IS NOT FOLLOWED BY A REFRACTORY PERIOD. CONSEQUENTLY, FEMALES MAY EXPERIENCE MULTIPLE ORGASMS DURING A SINGLE SEXUAL EXPERIENCE. |
|
Definition
|
|
