Term
| What preg hormone is appetite stimulant? |
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in saliva and n/v may lead to |
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Definition
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Term
| Dental plaque, calclus, and debris deposits increase during preg and are associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| There is an increase in ____ pocket depth which could exacerbate periodontal disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Peridontal disease has been associated with |
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Definition
| intrauterine infection, preterm birth and low birth weight infants |
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Term
| The height of the duodenal villi hypertrophies during pg. This along with progesterone that slows GI motility increases the absorption of |
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Definition
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Term
| Duodenal absorption of ___ increases in response to a reduction of _____stores |
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Definition
| Fe+ and maternal iron stores |
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Term
| Decreased GI motility allows for slower transient time which increases the amount of ___ and ___. |
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Definition
iron and calcium
-also sodium and water absorption |
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Term
| Maternal weight gain is approx___% of pregnancy weight gained. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetal weight accounts for what percentage of pregnancy weight gain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Placental weight gain accounts for what percentage of pregnancy weight gain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lactation facilitates PP weight and body fat loss by |
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Definition
catabolizing maternal tissue stores
-used as energy for milk production |
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Term
| What are the effects on perinatal outcomes for maternal low BMI? |
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Definition
| preterm birth, SGA infant, decreased macrosomia, decreased Pre-E, and decreased C-section rates |
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Term
| What are the effects on perinatal outcome for maternal high BMI? |
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Definition
risk of SAB, congenital anomalies, IUFD, GDM, HTN, Pre-E, embolus complications, C-sections
decreased risk for SGA or growth restrictions |
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Term
| What two hormones with the stress of labor will cause water and sodium retention? |
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Definition
adrenocortical and arginine vasopressin
-may prevent weight loss or lead to weight gain |
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Term
| Basal metabolic rate ____ during pregnancy. |
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Definition
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Term
| the rate of change in BMR varies with |
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Definition
| maternal prepregnant nutritional status and fetal growth |
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Term
| Pregnant women meet the demands and needs of her pregnancy by |
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Definition
| increasing intake decreasing activity, or limiting fat storage |
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Term
| Pregnant women who are underweight and malnourished body's respond to meeting the needs of their pregnancy by |
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Definition
| decreasing basal energy expenditure to match those of pre-pregnancy |
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Term
| Pregnant women who are of a normal BMI prior to pregnancy will have an increase in |
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Definition
| fat stores and BMR during pregnancy |
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Term
| Overweight women, during pregnancy, increase their BMR by____ to reduce additional fat stores. |
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin resistance in the latter part of pregnancy is related to |
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Definition
| decreased sensitivity of cell receptors from the effects of human placental lacotogen, progesterone, and cortisol |
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Term
| Progesterone augments _____,decreases____ effectiveness, and increases_______ after meals. |
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Definition
| insulin secretion, peripheral insulin, and insulin levels |
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Term
| Estrogen increases the level of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| B-cell hyperplasia causes |
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Definition
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Term
| Estrogen enhances peripheral |
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Definition
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Term
| Human placental lactogen increases synthesis and availability of |
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Definition
lipids
-used by the mother to enhance availability and transfer of glucose to the fetus |
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Term
| Increased placental uptake, increased insulin levels, hepatic diversion of amnio acids and transfer of amnio acids to the fetus causes what? |
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Definition
| decreased serum amino acid and serum protein levels |
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Term
| Protein metabolism during the first half of pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein metabolism during the second of half of pregnancy decreases due to |
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Definition
| decrease urinary excretion of nitrogen |
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Term
| What lipids increase during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol |
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Term
| Progesterone, cortisol, leptin, and prolactin help promote |
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Definition
| lipogenesis and suppression of lipolysis |
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Term
| During the 3rd trimester, and increase in lipolysis is d/t a rise in |
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Definition
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Term
| Fasting glucose levels are ____ in pg women vs non-pg women |
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Definition
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Term
| Postprandial serum glucose levels ____ and ____ for a longer period of time in pg women vs non- pg women |
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Definition
| rise higher and stay higher |
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Term
| Explain accelerated starvation. |
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Definition
-starvation mode does not begin for 14-18hrs after fasting in non-pg women
-it begins 2-3 after fasting in pg women |
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Term
| Accelerated starvation is caused by |
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Definition
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Term
| __________refers to the glucose levels rising and remaining high for longer periods of time after meals. |
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Definition
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Term
| Maternal glucose consumption______ during labor |
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin levels_____ during laabor |
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Definition
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Term
| Exercising muscle can use glucose without |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ acts like insulin by stimulating glucose oxidation |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the net retention of sodium during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| increased in extracellular tissues , increased intravascular plasma volume, and decrease in serum d/t hemodilution |
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Term
| What are the roles of RAAS during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Fluid and electrolyte balance and BP homeostasis |
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Term
| How does RAAS change during pg? |
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Definition
| RAAS increase but the body's sensitivity to angiotensin II decreases |
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Term
| How much wgt gain is attributed to fluid retention in the extracellular spaces during pg? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why doesn't maternal BP increase when intravascular fluid vol increase? |
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Definition
| relaxed smooth muscles which leads to vasodilation in the vascular system |
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Term
| What placental hormone resets the thirst and osmostat receptors during pg? |
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Definition
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Term
| During labor and birth, changes in RAAS are important in the control of |
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Definition
| BP homeostasis and maintenance |
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Term
| Progesterone causes____production. |
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Definition
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Term
| Maternal and fetal needs for _____ increases during pg. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mothers meet the fetal needs of calcium during pg by |
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Definition
| breakdown of skeletal bones and dietary intake and increased GI absorption |
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Term
| Increased parathyroid homorne and calcitonin increase to increase materal bone absorption for development of |
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Definition
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Term
| During labor and birth, _______ is essential for uterine ctxs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is pg or lactation the greater challenge for calcium homeostasis? |
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Definition
| It depends on how long lactation last |
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Term
| How soon after weaning does boe mineral stauts return to prepregnancy levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect on excess phosphorus on calcium levels? |
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Definition
| limits calcium absorption in the intestines and increases excretion in the kidneys |
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Term
| What dietary intake increase the absorption of phosphorus? |
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Definition
| soda, chips, and junk foods |
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Term
| Increased phosphorus in the diet increases the risk for |
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Definition
| osteoporosis and kidney stones |
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Term
| Low serum calcium and increased Mg are associated with |
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Definition
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