Term
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Definition
spawning more than once over a lifetime
-Common to most fishes
-Single extended spawning- annual
-Multiple spawning seasons-sharks, lungfishes, perciforms |
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Term
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Definition
spawning once and die
-(some of the) Salmonids, lampreys, freshwater eels |
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Term
| LIst the mating system categories |
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Definition
Promiscuous
Polygamous (polygyny: 1 male and
2+ females)
Monogamous (rare) |
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Term
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Definition
-Both sexes have multiple partners
-Males & females spawn with multiple partners
-Herrings, groupers, guppies, cichlids |
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Term
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Definition
One sex has multiple partners
generally involves territorial behavior: sculpins and scorpian fish |
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Term
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Definition
| female mates with several males (uncommon) |
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Term
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Definition
| Male mates with several females (common) |
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Term
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Definition
-Mating sexes remain paired or mate with same individual repeatedly
-FW catfish, damselfishes, butterflyfishes, cichlids |
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Term
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Definition
-Sex fixed at maturation
-Most common role in fishes
-Sharks, lungfish, clupeids, cyprinids, salmonids, scombrids |
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Term
| Simultaneous_Hermaphroditic |
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Definition
release both eggs & sperm at spawning
serranids/groupers |
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Term
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Definition
| function as one sex and then the other-dominance |
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Term
| Explain Protandrous Sequential Hermaphrodites |
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Definition
the male becomes the female
-anemone fish and moray eels |
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Term
| Explain Protogynous Sequential Hermaphrodites |
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Definition
The female becomes the male
-most common for of hermaphroditism
-damselfish, angelfish, wrass |
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Term
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Definition
Egg development occurs without
fertilization
(diploid eggs produced, no sperm) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sperm triggers development of egg cell into embryo, male genome not used for genetic contribution to embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| male contribution is discarded with each generation (Poeciliids, live bearers) |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of eggs released by a female during spawning and breeding cycles |
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Term
| what are the factors that effect fecundity |
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Definition
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Term
| Fecundity Strategy: Tradeoffs Between Early vs Late Maturation |
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Definition
Early: guarantee genes into population
Early: smaller, younger, < egg production & survival
Early: > energy allocated into reproduction = slower growth
Examples: guppies in Trinidad & exploited populations
Delay: larger, older, > egg production
Delay: may never reproduce |
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Term
| Fecundity Strategy: Body Size |
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Definition
Larger fish are less susceptible to predation
Capable of storing more energy
Enhances mating success and future success |
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Term
| Fecundity Strategy: Longevity |
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Definition
Longer life spans = more reproductive opportunities
Limitations are age at first reproduction & time interval between reproductive periods |
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Term
| FEcundity Strategy: Clutch size: Reproductive Allotment |
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Definition
percentage of females weight devoted to eggs or embryos
If survival is low: energy > reproduction to ensure genes in population
If survival is high: energy > somatic growth |
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Term
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Definition
No parental care
very high fecundity
Clupeids |
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Term
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Definition
Retaining eggs within the body for developement
-limited fecundity
-eggs develope in oviduct (elasmobranchs) or ovary (teleosts)
varianble gestation:1-2 days or 1-2 years
larger young at birth-better swimmers, enhanced predator avoidance |
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Term
| What are the modes of Reproduction discussed in class |
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Definition
Agnathan
Elasmobranch
HOlocephali |
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Term
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Definition
eggs laid externally
gland secretes case around egg as it passes through oviduct, protecting shark until hatching
Egg case is soft & pale when first laid, then darkens & hardens in a few hours
Developing embryo receives nutrients from yolk prior to fertilization
Examples: horn & swell sharks |
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Term
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Definition
group of eggs inside thin membranes
Eggs develop inside female uterus, where nutrients come from yolk
In some species, young swallow other eggs & embryos ovophagy
-Examples: makos & sand tigers |
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Term
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Definition
yolk stalk that connects embryo to yolk grows long in uterus
changes into yolk sac placenta once its inside placenta
Receiving nutrients directly from mother or uterine milk
-Examples: hammerhead sharks |
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Term
| Endocrine System Reproduction |
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Definition
Endocrine system acts as mediator in translating environmental
cues into morphological, physiological or behavior changes in
fishes as they prepare for reproductive activity |
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Term
| Primary Environmental cues that impact the endocrine repro |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary Environmental cues that impact the endocrine repro |
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Definition
| Water flow, flooding, salinity fluctuation, lunar and tidal cycles, availability of food |
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Term
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Definition
is the site of release of gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH) |
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Term
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Definition
(GTH) are secreted by the pituitary
promote egg and sperm development
stimulate production of androgenic & estrogenic steroids
control sexual behavior
development of secondary sexual characteristics
also induced by proteinaceous hormones such as
luteinizing hormone (LH) |
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Term
| Group I of three categories of Reproductive activity in fishes |
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Definition
gametogenesis is completed in summer & fall during
declines in temperature and photoperiod
spawning is performed in the cold season |
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Term
| Group II of three categories of Reproductive activity in fishes |
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Definition
gametogenesis begins in fall but is arrested during
winter
maturation & spawning are completed in spring or summer |
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Term
| Group III of three categories of Reproductive activity in fishes |
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Definition
gametogenesis takes place and is completed during
times of increasing temperature & photoperiod
spawning takes place in spring or summer |
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