Term
| what 2 factors are produced for sexual reproduction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term defining the size difference between an egg and sperm? |
|
Definition
Anisogamous - "not the same gametes"
universal phenomenon |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of reproduction? who does the third type? |
|
Definition
asexual
sexual
parthenogenesis - rotifera, whip-tailed lizards, some fish |
|
|
Term
| what is the cycle involving diploid and haploid for plants called? |
|
Definition
| alternation of generations |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of flowers? what are the 2 specific types of the 2nd kind? |
|
Definition
perfect and imperfect
1. m & f parts on different flower
2. m & f parts on different plant |
|
|
Term
| what are the male parts of the flower? female? |
|
Definition
male = stamen
anter - top
filament - stalk
female = carpel
stigma - top
style - stalk
ovary - bottom |
|
|
Term
| how many pollen sacs are there in lilies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the original male diploid cell called? female? |
|
Definition
microspore mother cell
megaspore mother cell |
|
|
Term
| what is the gametogenesis process for male plants? |
|
Definition
| 1 pollen grain in diploid microspore mother cell form undergoes meiosis 1 and 2 creating 4 haploid microspore cells called a tetrad. Each of these cells undergoes mitosis 1 time to form 2 more and then one of those undergoes mitosis again to form another cell. These then become a triploid 3 nucleated sperm cell. |
|
|
Term
| what is the gametogenesis process for female plants? |
|
Definition
| 1 ovule, or megaspore mother cell, undergoes meiosis 1 and 2 and forms 4 megaspore cells. 3 of these cells reabsorb and 1 of them undergoes mitosis 3x creating 1 2n cell and 6 n cells. 5 of the 6 single nucleated cells reabsorb, leaving only an n center cell and a 2n big cell. |
|
|
Term
| what does the outside of a pollen grain form? how is it unique? what are people actually allergic to? |
|
Definition
forms thick protective protein coat
specific to each species
allergic to protein coat |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of pollination? |
|
Definition
| the arrival of pollen grains on stigma of same species |
|
|
Term
| what 2 things are animals enticed to flowers by? |
|
Definition
| nectar (sweet) and pollen (protein) |
|
|
Term
| where does female plant gametogenesis occur? |
|
Definition
| ovules that are attached to the inner wall of ovaries |
|
|
Term
| how does plant fertilization occur? |
|
Definition
pollen grain lands on stigma
one of the nuclei forms a pollen tube down the style and into the ovary
the other 2 nuclei travel down the pollen tube, one uniting with the n center cell and creating a 2n zygote, the other uniting with the 2n large cell, eventually becoming the endosperm |
|
|
Term
| what forms the seed coat? |
|
Definition
| outer cells of ovarian wall |
|
|
Term
| what is the seed coat made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 animals don't move? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is external fertilization? who? advantages? environment? |
|
Definition
fertilization occurs outside of body
fish and amphibians
easier to reproduce/more offspring
environment must be isotonic to gametes |
|
|
Term
| what is internal fertilization? who? advantages? environment? |
|
Definition
fertilization inside the body
terrestrial verts, mollusks, arthropods, endoparasites |
|
|
Term
| what animal has the longest penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what produces the seminal fluid? |
|
Definition
| accessory glands (prostate in humans) |
|
|
Term
| what reproductive structures do many invertebrates have? |
|
Definition
| seminal vessicles (male) and receptacles (female) |
|
|
Term
| what is it called when there are different animals for the different sexes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of penis does a crawfish have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what denotes a female grasshopper? |
|
Definition
| jaws of death on butt - ovipositor |
|
|
Term
| where are the reproductive organs of an earthworm? |
|
Definition
seminal receptacles at front (female)
seminal vesicles at back (male) |
|
|
Term
| what do the testes contain that produce sperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the stages of sperm creation in an animal? |
|
Definition
| 1 parent cell undergoes meiosis 1 to create 2 secondary spermatocytes, 2 spermatocytes undergo meiosis 2 to create 4 early spermatids. early spermatids develop a head and a tail to become sperm |
|
|
Term
| what cells create testosterone? |
|
Definition
| interstitial cells called Leydig cells in between seminiferous tubules of testes |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 purposes of seminal fluid? |
|
Definition
lubrication
protection from acidity of vagina
nutrition
mobility/swimming |
|
|
Term
| what is the process of oogenesis in female animals? |
|
Definition
| primary oocyte (2n) - eggs stay in this stage until onset of puberty. puberty causes meiosis 1 and the onset of meiosis 2, creating a secondary oocyte (n) and a polar body (n) that is reabsorbed. When the sperm meets the egg, meiosis 2 completes and a second polar body is created (n). polar body is again reabsorbed by main body. when the sperm reaches the egg, it becomes an ovum which will later become a zygote |
|
|
