Term
| where does the gonadotropic releasing hormone come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the gonadotropic hormone cause the release of in males? |
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Definition
| testosterone from the testes |
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Term
| how is it possible for testosterone to affect so much of the body? |
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Definition
| more than one kind of cell has ligand gated channels for it |
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Term
| what is it called when an animal has a breeding season? continually receptive? |
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Definition
breeding season - estrus
continual - mensis |
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Term
| what is the jacket of cells of a secondary oocyte called? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does ovulation occur? |
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Definition
| the secondary oocyte egg grows bigger and bigger until it is too big for the ovary - then ovulation occurs |
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Term
| where does fertilization occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the thick lining of the uterus called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 4 hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
estrogen and progesterone, which come from the ovaries
2 gonadotropic hormones, Lutenizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone |
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Term
| what is the only hormone that inc at day 0? why? |
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Definition
follicle stimulating hormone
ovary starts to thicken the follicle and turns around the endometrium to add layers |
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Term
| what does the growth of the follicle cause? |
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Definition
| release of huge amount of estrogen, causing the endometrium to thicken |
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Term
| what peaks and triggers ovulation? |
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Definition
| Lutenizing hormone halfway through cycle |
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Term
| what happens to the follicle after ovulation? |
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Definition
| turns into a mass of yellow cells called the corpus luteum |
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Term
| what secretes large amounts of progesterone and puts more estrogen in play? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does progesterone maintain? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does progesterone decrease to stop what? |
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Definition
| decreases FSH to stop the release of another egg |
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Term
| what happens to the egg if no fertilization occurs? |
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Definition
| corpus luteum degenerates, estrogen and progesterone will drop significantly. when these 2 drop, it no longer inhibits the FSH and the endometrium starts to shed and release |
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Term
| what is it called when a penis has a bone? what animals have this? |
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Definition
os penis
whales and raccoons |
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Term
| how does ejaculation occur? |
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Definition
| muscles of vas deferens/urethra contract by peristalsis, moves semen out of urethra |
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Term
| how much semen is a typical ejaculation? how many sperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| how long does it take sperm to move into the oviduct? |
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Definition
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Term
| how long can sperm live in the uterus? when does implantation occur? |
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Definition
3 days
8-10 days after fertilization |
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Term
| what happens to the egg if fertilization does occur? |
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Definition
| corpus luteum does not degenerate and constatly produces progesterone - maintains endometrium |
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Term
| what does the developing embryo establish a with the mother? what is its purpose? |
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Definition
| established connection fro nutrients |
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Term
| what is the region where the blood supplies of the mother and embryo come together called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what hormone is useful for pregnancy tests? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do birth control pills work? |
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Definition
contain small amounts of estrogen and progesterone
inhibits high levels of FSH and LH, so the egg does not grow big enough and is never released. follicle growth and ovulation never occur |
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Term
| what is the definition of development? |
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Definition
| the formation of specialized structures in a multicellular organism |
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Term
| what usually accompanies development? |
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Definition
| growth (mitosis) under genetic control |
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Term
| what are the 3 major overlapping processes in both plants and animals? |
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Definition
cell division - continues throughout development
morphogenesis - growth, shaping and arrangement of structures
cell differentiation - animals tend to have much more |
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Term
| what does the cleavage of the zygote occur by? whats the point? |
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Definition
mitosis
reduces the size of the cells to a smaller and more manageable size by the nucleus |
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Term
| what is a blastula? what is the space called? |
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Definition
at least 128 cells is a fluid filled ball of cells
cleavage cells secrete fluid into center of ball
fluid filled space called blastocoel |
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Term
| what is gastrula and when does it occur? |
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Definition
cells begin to migrate
occurs after blastula |
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Term
| what is the cavity formed by the gastrula called? what is the opening called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the archenteron become eventually? blastopore? |
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Definition
digestive system
mouth or anus |
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Term
| what is it called when the mouth develops first? anus? |
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Definition
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