Term
| what male anatomy part transmits semen |
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Definition
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Term
| what two things do the testis generate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 parts make up the male duct system? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 things does the male duct system do? |
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Definition
| receives, matures, transports gametes |
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Term
| where do spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis occur? |
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Definition
| seminiferous tubules of testes |
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Term
| what are the 3 stages of spermatogenesis |
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Definition
mitosis
meiosis
spermiogenesis |
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Term
| what is the difference between spermatogenesis and spermiogensis |
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Definition
sperrmatogenesis: diploid->haploid
sermiogenesis: physical changes->maturation |
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Term
| what is the name for when sperm are haploid |
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Definition
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Term
what is mature sperm called?
what features (2) does it gain?
what does it lose a lot of? |
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Definition
spermatazoa
acrosome & flagella
cytoplasm |
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Term
| what does the head of a sperm contain (2)? |
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Definition
acrosomal cap
condensed nucleus |
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Term
| what does the acrosomal cap contain (2) |
|
Definition
proteolytic enzymes
hyaluronidase |
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Term
| body of the tail of the sperm is mostly made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
semen is composed of 2 things?
where do they come from? (3) |
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Definition
fluid and sperm
vas deferens, seminal vesicles, protate gland |
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Term
| which part of male anatomy produces the most semen? which the least? |
|
Definition
seminal vesicles
vas deferens |
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|
Term
| both testes together produce how much sperm/day? |
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Definition
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|
Term
what is the avg pH of semen?
max life span of sperm in female tract? |
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Definition
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Term
what produces testosterone in males?
what stimulates the production of it? |
|
Definition
leydig cells
leutenizing hormone |
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Term
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Definition
1 lipophillic->diffues into cell
2 convert to DHT
3 DHT bind to androgren recpt
4 the combo enters nucleus and binds hormone response element of DNA |
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Term
| what converts testosterone to DHT |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the androgen formed from testosterone? |
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Definition
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Term
| which has greater affinity for androgen recptors- testoserone or DHT |
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Definition
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Term
testosterone can also go to the active estradiol metabolite thru what enzyme?
what cells has this enzyme for production of spermatogenesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| testosterone is important for the development of what 2nd sex characteristics (5) |
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Definition
body hair
baldness
enlarged larynx (lower voice)
skin thickens & acne
increased protein and muscle |
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|
Term
| testosterone also increase what 3 other things |
|
Definition
bone growth and Ca retention
RBCs
metabolism |
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|
Term
HPT axis in men:
hypothalmus secretes?
this stimulate anterior pituitary to secrete? |
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Definition
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|
Term
testosterone feedsback to inhibit?
inhibin feedsback to inhibit |
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Definition
hypotalmus and pituitary
only pituitary |
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|
Term
FSH stimulates what cells?
this causes?
what do these cells secrete as negative feedback? |
|
Definition
sertoli
spermatogensis
inhibin |
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|
Term
| sensory impulses generated in the (2 things) lead to male sexual act |
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Definition
| sacral and lumbar spinal cord |
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Term
| erection results mostly from _ changes |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes penis swelling and elongation |
|
Definition
| increasing arterial flow into sinusoids in corpora |
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Term
| what causes the erection to be prolonged |
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Definition
| decrease in venous outflow from corpora |
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|
Term
what type of impulses cause erection?
what do they release? (2) |
|
Definition
parasympathetic
NO and ACH |
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Term
| in erection what does release of NO do |
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Definition
| increase cGMP->decrease intracell Ca->reduce contraction->dilates arteries->increase blood flow |
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|
Term
| what presses on the penis veins to trap blood there? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of impulses cause emission and ejaculation |
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Definition
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Term
| emission is the contraction of what 3 things that sends semen into? |
|
Definition
vas deferens, seiminferous vesicles, prostate;
urethra |
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|
Term
| what stimulates ejaculation? |
|
Definition
| filling of urethra with semen |
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|
Term
| what is the process called after ejaculation where male sex excitement dissapears? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| erectile dysfunction can be caused by? 4) |
|
Definition
| vascular problem, peripheral neuropathy, endocrine, drug-induced |
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|
Term
| what degrades cGMP and so inhbitis the dilation of penis tissue leading to erection? |
|
Definition
| phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) |
|
|
Term
| do the drugs for ED only inhibit one phosphodiesterase? |
|
Definition
| no- PDE 5 is just what is more specific for |
|
|
Term
| what causes the ADEs of ED drugs |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what cause of male hypogonadism cannot be treated? |
|
Definition
| lack of functional androgen receptors |
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|
Term
| causes of male hypogonadism-4 |
|
Definition
decreased testicle activity (decerease testosterone)
not functional androgen recpt
androgen insensitivity
HPT axis problem |
|
|
Term
primary hypogonadism:
-due to?
-testoserone, sperm, LH, FSH cocnentrations are? |
|
Definition
defect of gonads
test and sperm- low
FSH and LH= high |
|
|
Term
secondary hyogonadism:
-caused by
-testosterone, sperm, LH, FSH concentrations |
|
Definition
hypothalmic or pituitary defect
-test adn sperm= reduced
-FSH and LH- reduced or normal |
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|
Term
what is late onset hypogonadism?
what can escalate this? |
|
Definition
reduced serum testosterone as result of old age;
obesity, diabetes, cardio, COPD, frail |
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Term
| why is testosterone not given orally as free drug? |
|
Definition
| rapid 1st pass metabolism |
|
|
Term
testosterone therapies for men:
-more lipophilic, given IM
-slower 1st pass metab, given oral, less androgenic, more hepatox
-avoid 1st pass metab |
|
Definition
testosterone esters
alkalated androgens
transdermal patch or gel |
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Term
|
Definition
| devlopment of large mammory in males |
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|
Term
| what is cause of gynecomastia (5) |
|
Definition
| genetics, obesity, hormonal, disease, drug |
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|
Term
| most common cause of death from cancer in men over 75 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what treatment do you give for benign prostate hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| finersteride- %-a reductase inhibitor- reduce testosterone |
|
|
Term
| how do you treat prostate cnacer |
|
Definition
| androgen recpt antagonis: flutamide |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| long term use of AAS does what? (3) |
|
Definition
- decreases FSH and LH
-decreases testosterone
-decrease spermatogensis |
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|
Term
what can be supressed after stopping AAS?
what can this cause (3) |
|
Definition
HPT axis
sexual dysfunction, infertility, depression |
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