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Alberti was a humanist who wrote "On Architecture". Vitruvius' ancient treatise on architecture survived.
Urbanism (axial streets, fortifications, symmetry in the borgo), projected in 1450s under Nicholas V ans completed in its first project by Alexander VI in 1500. "All roads lead to Rome" |
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| By the 15th century the church was falling into ruin, discussions on repairing parts of the structure commenced upon the pope's return from Avignon. Two people involved in this reconstruction were Leon Battista Alberti and Bernardo Rossellino, who improved the apse and partially added a multi-story benediction loggia to the atrium facade. |
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| St. Peter's Loggia of Benediction |
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| St. Peter's Loggia of Benediction 1461-1497 Francesco del Borgo, started under Pius II completed by Alexander Vi. A fascade built of 3 arcades built like the Colosseum with doric, ionic, and corinthian columns, it was destroyed in 1505 (Julius II) |
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| An irregular complex of many buildings seen beyond the colonnade on the right side of the Basilica of St. Peter's. Today, the residence of the Pope, who, before Gregory XI's return from Avignon in 1377, had lived officially at the Lateran Palace. the original Vatican apartments erected first in the fifth century were used only for the reception of foreign soveriegns visiting Rome. Additions were made to the imposing building begun in 1450 by subsequent pontiffs. Pope Sixtus IV (reigned 1471-84) added the Sistine Chapel in 1473, named after him; Pope Alexander Vi (reigned 1492-1503) the Appartamento Borgian; and Innocent VIII (reigned 1484-92) the Belvedre; Julius II (reigned 1503-13) the Logge, and he also laid the foundations for the Vatican Museums. |
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| Ghirlandaio, Signorelli, Botticelli, Rosselli, Pinturicchio, directed by Perugino, Sistine Chapel Before Michelangelo, 1480s |
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| Perugino (and Pinturicchio, Circumcision of Moses' Son, 1480-82 (Tempus Legis-time of the law) |
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| Botticelli, Punishment of Korah, 1480-82 (tempus legis) |
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| Perugino, Christ Consigns the Keys to St. Peter, 1480-82 (tempus gratiae) |
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Fillipino Lippi, Sybils (Cumean, Tiburtine, Hellespontine, Delphic) 1486-1493
Patron: Cardinal Oliviero Carafa, Santa Maria Sopra Minerva (Dominican) |
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| Perugino, Annunciation (With Saint Thomas Aquinas and doner) Assumptiopn of the Virgin, 1486-1493 |
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| Perugino, Saint Thomas Praying in Front of Crucifix (Miracle of Chastity) Triumph of Saint Thomas Over Heresy, 1486-1493 Carafa Chapel |
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| Perugino, Funerary Monument to Paul IV Carafa (late 16th century) |
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Antoniazzo Romano, Torquemada Annunciation, 1500
Patron: Cardinal Torquemada for Chapel of the Confraterninty of the Annunciation, Santa Maria Sopra Minerva (Dominican Church) |
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Architect? Palazzo della Cancelleria, begun in 1849
Patron: Raffaele Riario |
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Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Michelangelo, Vignola and Giacomo della Porta, Palazzo Farnese, 1517-1589
Patron: Cardinal Alexander Farnese |
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Giotto, Stefaneschi Altarpiece, (double sided altarpiece) c. 1320s
Patron: Cardinal Stefaneschi for Old St. Peters, now Vatican Museum |
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Masaccio, Trinity, 1426-28
Patron: Lenzi family Santa Maria Novella
(Inspcription: I was what you are. I am what you will become) |
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Fra Angelico, San Marco Altarpiece, 1434
Patron: Medici family/Dominican Order
Originally in church of San Marco, Florence |
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Fra Angelico, Predella of San Marco Altarpiece with Entombment, 1434, Munich
(iconic, open, calm, contemplative, centered) |
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Mantegna, Entombment (engraving) c. 1450s
(processional flow, in profile, loud, movement, created like a historical event unfolding in time; example of Alberti's Historia, rhetorical) |
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| Raphael, Ansidei Madonna c. 1500 |
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Raphael, Sistine Madonna c. 1512
Patron: Julius II della Rovere, Dresden |
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Leonardo, Madonna and Child with St. Anne c. 1508, Louvre
(falling out of mothers arms or coming into them?) |
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Michelangelo, Pieta c. 1500
Patron: Jean Bilheres de Lagraulas
Originally in Chapel of Santa Pertronilla next to Old St. Peters, now New St. Peters
(French cardinal wanted this for a church dedicated to Petronilla who was the daughter of st. peter and considered of French importance (a saint)
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Michelangelo, Entombment (unfinished) c. 1500
Patron: Brothers of Sant'Agostino ?
original location Church of Sant'Agostino in Rome now in National Gallery London |
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Raphael, Entombment, 1507
Patron: Atalanta Baglioni for the death of her son Grifonetto, Galleria Borghese |
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Titian, Entombment c. 1515
Patron: Alfonso d-Este, Louvre |
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Pontormo, Entombment, mid 1520s,
Patron: Ludovico Capponi
Florence |
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Titian, Sacred and Profane Love, 1514
Patron: Nicolo' Aurelio and Laura Bagarotte
(epithalamic-nuptial painting) |
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| Titian, Venus Blindfolding Cupid, 1560's |
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Correggio, Danae, 1531
Patron: commissioned by Federico II Duke of Mantua for Holy Roman Emperor Charles V |
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