Term
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Definition
Osmotic diuretic
Mech: incr. tubular fluid Osm → incr. urine flow
Use: shock, overdose, cerebral edema/incr. ICP (H2O is pulled into plasma)
Tox: pulm edema (only incr. H2O excr → incr. ECF Osm → ECF volume expansion)
Contra: anuria, CHF |
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Term
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Definition
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Mech: self-lim diuresis & decr. in HCO3-
Use: glauc, urinary alkalinization, metab alk, altitude sickness
Tox: hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, sulfa allergy |
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Term
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Definition
Loop diuretic
Mech: inhibs Na/K/2Cl pump → abolishes hypertonicity of medulla → can't conc. urine; incr. Ca excr
Use: edema, HTN, hypercalcemia
Tox: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, gout, sulfa allergy |
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Term
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Definition
Loop diuretic
Mech: inhibs Na/K/2Cl pump → abolishes hypertonicity of medulla → can't conc. urine; incr. Ca excr
Use: edema, HTN, hypercalcemia; good in pts allergic to sulfa drugs
Tox: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, gout (can be used in hyperuricemia)
Note: phenoxyacetic acid derivative (not a sulfonamide) |
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Term
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Definition
Thiazide
Mech: inhibs NaCl reabs; decr. Ca excr
Use: HTN, CHF, DI
Tox: hypokalemic metab alk, hyperglyc, hyperlipid, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia; sulfa allergy
Note: only a sm. amt of Na reaches DCT → not as efficacious as loop diuretics |
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Term
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Definition
K-sparing diuretic
Mech: competitive aldosterone R antag
Use: hyperaldost, K depletion, CHF
Tox: hyperkalemia (arrhythmias), antiandrogen (gynecomastia) |
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Term
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Definition
K-sparing diuretic
Mech: competitive aldosterone R antag
Use: hyperaldost, K depletion, CHF
Tox: hyperkalemia (arrhythmias) |
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Term
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Definition
K-sparing diuretic
Mech: Inhibs CD Na chan → decr. Na-K/H exch
Use: hyperaldost, K depletion, CHF
Tox: hyperkalemia (arrhythmias) |
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Term
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Definition
K-sparing diuretic
Mech: inhibs CD Na chan → decr. Na-K/H exch
Use: hyperaldost, K depletion, CHF
Tox: hyperkalemia (arrhythmias) |
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Term
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Definition
ACE-I (others: enalapril, lisinopril)
Mech: decr. AII & incr. BK (vasodil)
Tox: cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste chg., fetal renal dmg, rash, hyperkalemia
Contra: bilat renal a. stenosis (will further ↓ GFR)Note: incr. renin d/t loss of neg. f.b. |
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Term
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Definition
Angiotensin II receptor antag
Note: does not cause ACE-I cough |
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