Term
| what are the kidney's main waste products? |
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Definition
1. urea
2. uric acid
3. creatinine |
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Term
| Renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capilliaries called what? |
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Definition
Glomerulus, surrounded by a cup-shaped, hollow GLOMERULUR CAPSULE
(bowman's capsule) |
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Term
| Endothelium of glomerulus is fenestrated, which means what? |
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Definition
capillaries = highly porous
allows large quantities of fluid/molecules to pass into CAPSULAR SPACE |
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Term
| what does the VISCERAL layer of glomerulus consist of? |
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Definition
podocytes
which branch into foot processes
filtrate passes through clefts btw foot processes called FILTRATION SLITS |
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Term
| what does the filtration membrain in renal corpuscle do? |
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Definition
holds back blood cells/proteins
allows: water, ions, glucose, amino acid, urea |
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Term
| what are the 2 classes of nephrons? |
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Definition
1. cortical nephrons 85%
2. juxtamedullary nephrons 15%
contributes to kidney's ability to concentrate urine |
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Term
| which 3 capillary beds are nephrons closely associated with? |
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Definition
1. glomerular cap.
2. peritubular cap. (of cortical nephrons)
3. vasa recta (of juxtamedullary nephrons)
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Term
| what is the function of glomerular capillaries? |
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Definition
| produce filtrate that moves thru renal tubule and becomes urine |
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Term
| function of peritubular capillaries? |
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Definition
adapted for absorption
Tubular absorption: low-pressure, porous capillaries readily absorb
Tubular secretion: all m.c. secreted by nephrons into urine are from this cap. |
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Term
| what is the function of the vasa recta (in renal medulla)? |
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Definition
concentrates urine in kidney
DESERT VERTEBRATES HAVE WELL-DEVELOPED VASA RECTA TO CONSERVE WATER |
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Term
| What is the function of antidiurectic hormone (vasopressin)? |
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Definition
| increases permeability of distal tubules / collecting ducts allowing water from filtrate to be resorbed into surrounding blood capillaries, which decreases urin volume. |
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Term
| what is aldosterone produced by? |
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Definition
adrenal cortex
inc. resorption of Na (sodium) ions/water, secretion of K (potassium)
=high BP |
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Term
| what is the function of juxtaglomerular apparatus? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the parts of juxtaglomerular apparatus? |
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Definition
1. granular cells
2. macula densa
3. extraglomerular mesangial cells
4. mesangial cells btw glomerular capillaries |
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Term
| what do granular cells contain? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
It is secreted when BP is low
triggers renin-angiotensin system==inc. aldosterone levels |
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Term
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Definition
act as chemoreceptors
monitor solute concentration in filtrate
when solute concentration is low, macula densa signal granular cells to secrete RENIN |
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Term
| function of extraglomerular mesangial cells? |
|
Definition
interact with macula densa and granular cells to
regulate blood pressure |
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Term
| function of mesangial cells btw glomerular capillaries? |
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Definition
| have contractile properties, so helps regulate blood flow |
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Term
| what are the 3 layers of the urinary bladder |
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Definition
1. mucosa (transitional epithelium)
2. muscularis (squeezes urine from bladder)
3. fibrous adventitia
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Term
| The trigone is the triangular region in the posterior part of the wall btw which 2 openings? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the Function of the internal urethral sphincter?
external? |
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Definition
smooth muscle keeps urethra closed when urine is not being passed
allows muscles to relax when urinating |
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