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Renal module
Prep for test
70
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
07/05/2012

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Cards

Term
Allopurinol
Definition
used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in the body caused by certain cancer medications, and kidney stones It works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body
Term
amphogel
Definition
prevents absorption of phosphate. Has aluminum hydroxide
Term
captopril
Definition
ACE inhibitor-vasodilation and inhibition of some renal function activities. Used w/1) Hypertension 2) Cardiac conditions such as congestive heart failure and after myocardial infarction 3)Preservation of kidney function in diabetic nephropathy
Term
Medication that has a side effect of erectile dysfunction. Used to treat benign prostate hypertrophy BPH.
Definition
Proscar
Term
Cardura
Definition
alpha-adrenergic blocker. It relaxes your veins and arteries so that blood can more easily pass through them. It also relaxes the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate.
Term
ciprofloxacin
Definition
synthetic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class.[2][3] It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial. It kills bacteria by interfering with the enzymes that cause DNA to rewind after being copied, which stops synthesis of DNA and of protein.
Term
detrol
Definition
used to relieve urinary difficulties, including frequent urination and inability to control urination. Tolterodine is in a class of medications called antimuscarinics. It works by preventing bladder contraction.
Term
digoxin
Definition
in low doses, it is used to increase kidney perfusion
Term
ditropan
Definition
aka Oxybutynin is used to control urgent, frequent, or uncontrolled urination in people who have overactive bladder
Term
Epogen
Definition
In a class of medications called erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). It works by causing the bone marrow to make more red blood cells. Used to treat anemia.
Term
HCTZ hydrochlorothiazide
Definition
thiazide diuretic potassium wasting =helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt(fluid retention). Treats edema in people w/CHF, cirrhosis, or kidney disorders, or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen. Used to treat high bp.
Term
Hytrin
Definition
aka(terazosin)- alpha-adrenergic blockers. It relaxes your veins and arteries so that blood can more easily pass through them. Relaxes muscles in the prostate & bladder neck, making it easier to urinate.
Term
kayexalate
Definition
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat increased amounts of potassium in the body
Term
oscal
Definition
decreased serum phosphate by increasing calcium. Phosphate & calcium have inverse relationship to each other.
Term
phosphate binders
Definition
take with meals so it can bind with phosphorus in the food and remove it from the system.
Term
pyridium
Definition
relieves urinary tract pain, burning, irritation, and discomfort, as well as urgent and frequent urination caused by urinary tract infections, surgery, injury, or examination procedures. However, phenazopyridine is not an antibiotic; it does not cure infections
Term
regitine
Definition
Prevention or treatment of dermal necrosis and sloughing following intravenous administration or extravasation of norepinephrine or dopamine.
Term
What helps in the absorption of calcium
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
Anticholinergic used to decrease urinary frequency.
Definition
Term
What is the name of the group of drugs that help to prevent renal osteodystrophy?
Definition
Phosphate binders. Phosphorus & calcium have an inverse relationship. If phosphorus is bound, calcium remains in bones.
Term
What is renal osteodystrophy?
Definition
A bone disease characterized by softening and fibrous degeneration of bone and the formation of cysts in bone tissue, caused by chronic renal failure. Phosphorus is high in these pts.
Term
Proscar
Definition
decreases dihydrostestosterone which decreases prostate growth
Term
Detrol
Definition
anticholinergic used to decrease urinary frequency
Term
What does PKD stand for and what is usually the first manifestation of the disease?
Definition
Polycystic Kidney Disease. Pain is usually the first manifestation of the disease.
Term
List key features of PKD
Definition
Abdominal or flank pain, hypertension, nocturia, increased abdominal girth, constipation, bloody or cloudy urine, kidney stones.
Term
Define the following words: nocturia, hematuria, proteinuria, obliguria, anuria.
Definition
Nocturia=need to urinate excessively @ night, hematuria=blood in urine, proteinuria=protein in urine, obliguria=<500mL in 24 hrs, anuria=<100 mL 24 hrs
Term
What is hydronephrosis?
Definition
Enlargement of the kidney-Obstruction of urine flow so it collects in the renal pelvis & kidney tissue. Kidney pressure increases as the volume of urine increases. The blood vessels and renal tubules can be damaged extensively.
Term
What is hydroureter?
Definition
hydroureter=enlargement of ureters d/t obstruction of urine outflow. Ureters most easily obstructed where the iliac vessels cross or where the ureters enter the bladder. Ureter dilation occurs above the obstruction and enlarges as urine collects.
Term
What is a urethral stricture?
Definition
There is an obstruction very low in the urinary tract, causing bladder distention before hydroureter and hydronephrosis. The problems and kidney damage are similar without prompt attention (can take just hours to cause damage)
Term
What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
Definition
A nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland commonly occurring in men after the age of 50, and sometimes leading to compression of the urethra and obstruction of the flow of urine
Term
Describe prostate cancer.
Definition
Term
Explain the difference between organic & functional erectile dysfunction.
Definition
Term
Give some info about testicular cancern.
Definition
Term
What is hydrocele?
Definition
an accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct, specifically in the tunica vaginalis testis or along the spermatic cord. The condition is caused by inflammation of the epididymis or testis or by lymphatic or venous obstruction in the cord.
Term
What is spermatocele?
Definition
A cyst of the epididymis containing spermatozoa
Term
What is varicocele?
Definition
varicosity of the pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord, forming a scrotal swelling that feels like a “bag of worms
Term
What is testicular torsion?
Definition
The testes are suspended in the scrotum by a single bundle of tissues- also carries the blood supply to and from the testes. If the testicle rotates, the bundle kinks, and the blood supply is shut off. The resulting is an emergency;testis will die w/in hours if the blood supply is not restored.
Term
List some details about cancer of the penis.
Definition
Term
What is phimosis?
Definition
A tightening of the foreskin of the penis that may close the opening of the penis
Term
What is priapism?
Definition
That is an erection lasting >4 hrs. The blood is trapped and needs to be released or permanent damage can occur.
Term
What is prostatitis?
Definition
inflammation of the prostate gland, a common condition in adult males. Often caused by infection, prostatitis may develop rapidly (acute) or slowly (chronic)
Term
What is epididyitis?
Definition
inflammation or infection of the epididymis. In this long coiled tube attached to the upper part of each testicle, sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation.
Term
What is orchitis?
Definition
inflammation of the testis, accompanied by swelling, pain, fever, and a sensation of heaviness in the affected area
Term
What is plyeonephritis?
Definition
when a UTI progresses to involve the upper urinary system (the kidneys and ureters).
Term
What is Glomerulonephritis?
Definition
a type of kidney disease in which the part of your kidneys that helps filter waste and fluids from the blood is damaged.
Term
What are some of the s/s of glomerulonephritis?
Definition
Blood in the urine (dark, rust-colored, or brown urine) *Foamy urine (due to excess protein in the urine) *Swelling (edema) of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen
Term
What is nephrosclerosis?
Definition
hardening of the kidney, usually associated with hypertension and disease of the renal arterioles. It is characterized as benign or malignant depending on the severity and rapidity of the hypertension and arteriolar changes
Term
What is urethritis?
Definition
inflammation of the urethra. The most common symptom is painful or difficult urination.
Term
What is cystitis?
Definition
inflammation of the lining of the bladder. It usually occurs when the normally sterile urethra and bladder are infected by bacteria and become irritated and inflamed. Cystitis is fairly common in all ages. More common in women.
Term
What is urolithiasis?
Definition
The process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra.
Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine & pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Stones occur in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life.
Term
What are the two main drugs used when a patient is experiencing Urolithiasis?
Definition
Urolithiasis is the presence of stones in the urinary tract. PAINFUL so opiates are the first choice...morphine or Toradol are usual choices.
Term
If pain is felt just in the flanks, where is the stone usually located?
Definition
Stone is usually in the kidney or upper ureter.
Term
If pain spreads from flanks, to abdomen and perhaps to scrotum, testicles or vulva, where is the kidney stone probably located?
Definition
The stone is probably located in the bladder or ureter.
Term
Name some contributing factors to UTIs
Definition
Catheters! obstruction of urine flow (pooling of urine), stones, DM (sweet blood), Alkaletic urine (bacteria grows easier) Gender women > men, antibiotics, steroids
Term
What is the most common bacteria that causes UTIs
Definition
E. Coli is responsible for up to 90% of UTIs
Term
Common signs/symptoms of UTI
Definition
Frequency, urgency, dysuria
Term
Lab assessments found w/UTIs
Definition
presence of leukocyte esterase & nitrate, WBC & RBC
Term
What is "left shifting"?
Definition
This is when a high % of neutraphils are found in sample...These are immature WBC. They are unable to respond to infection=urosepsis.
Term
What is pyuria?
Definition
white blood cells in the urine
Term
What is hematuria?
Definition
RBC in the urine
Term
Define urolithiasis.
Definition
Presence of stones in the urinary tract.
Term
What is nephrolithiasis?
Definition
formation of stones in the KIDNEY
Term
What is ureterolithiasis?
Definition
formation of stones in the ureter.
Term
75% of stones have one of two substances....
Definition
75% of stones have calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate.
Term
What is pyelolithomy?
Definition
stone removal from the kidney
Term
What is nephrectomy?
Definition
removal of the kidney
Term
What is ureteroplasty?
Definition
ureter repair or revision
Term
What is ureteral reimplantation?
Definition
use another site in the bladder wall
Term
Key features of acute pyelonephritis include:
Definition
fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, flank pain, back pain, loin pain, tender costal vertebral angle, abdominal discomfort, n/v, general malaise, fatigue, burning, urgency, frequeny of urination, nocturia
Term
Key features of chronic pyelonephritis
Definition
hypertension, inability to preserve sodiu, decreased urine concentrating ability (nocturia), tendency to develop hyperkalemia an acidosis
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